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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Characterization of some virulence factors in Malassezia spp.

Authors: L. Angiolella; V. Tedesco; G. Giusiano;

Characterization of some virulence factors in Malassezia spp.

Abstract

Objective: The main objectives of this work was to evaluate “in vitro” the hydrophobicity levels, the adherence on a plastic surface and the biofilm formation of 51 clinical isolates of Malassezia spp. Methods: 32 M. furfur, 10 M. sympodialis, 5 M. globosa, 2 M. slooffiae, 1 M. restricta and 1 M. pachydermatis, were all clinical isolates tested. M. furfur and M. sympodialis references strains were also included. In order to examine the adherence capacity to plastic surface, the yeasts were grown for 72 h at 32◦C in Leeming-Notman modified broth, washed twice with sterile PB and then resuspended at 37◦C in RPMI 1640 modified for Malassezia plus 10% FBS at 7.5 × 102 cells/ml. After incubation for 3 h at 37◦C in six-well polystyrene plates followed by extensive washing, 1 ml of Leeming-Notman Agar medium modified was poured into each well and let solidify. After incubation for 72 h at 37◦C, colonies were counted and the results were expressed as a percentage of the inoculum size. Cellular surface hydrophobicity (CSH) levels were determined by two-phase system. The biofilm formation was determined by tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay. Results: All isolates of Malassezia spp. were hydrophobic, adherent and producers of biofilm on abiotic surfaces with different capacity. In particular, hydrophobicity was variable and ranged from 24 ± 0.1% for M. pachydermatis to 69.50 ± 14.6% for M. restricta. Similar values were observed for M. furfur and M. globosa. Adherences values also display variability, with ranges between 8.4 ± 1.1% for M. pachydermatis to 85.00 ± 2.3% for M. restricta. High values of adherence were obtained for M. globosa (65.22 ± 3.5). In addition, the no lipid-dependent yeast M. pachydermatis showed low values of adherence and hydrophobicity respect to the other Malassezia species. All Malassezia spp. were able to form biofilm on surface, ranged from 0.179 ± 0.13% for M. slooffiae to 0. 574 ± 0.20% for M. furfur. Except for M. pachydermatis, similar values were reported for the other Malassezia species tested. Conclusion: Our results suggest that all clinical isolates of Malassezia spp. were hydrophobic. Since the hydrophobicity is an important factor to adherence, varying degrees of success on abiotic surface were obtained. These characteristics are also involved in the high ability to form biofilm observed in this study. These important virulence factors could be responsible of this yeast changing from a commensal to a pathogenic status. The revision of the genus Malassezia has opened up new questions about the pathogenicity of Malassezia species.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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