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L’Italia nella crisi libica: protagonista "con cautela"

Authors: Bianchi Viviana;

L’Italia nella crisi libica: protagonista "con cautela"

Abstract

Il saggio analizza le fasi dell'internazionalizzazione della crisi libica e il ruolo marginale svolto dall'Italia, secondo una prospettiva storica e facendo soprattuto riferimento ai documenti ufficiali degli Stati coinvolti e delle organizzazioni internazionali. A differenza di quanto avvenne in Egitto e in Tunisia, infatti, in Libia la rivolta popolare si trasformò in pochi giorni in un caso internazionale. Le organizzazioni non governative denunciarono la violazione dei diritti umani da parte del regime di Tripoli sin dai primi giorni conquistando l'attenzione dei media e di alcuni importanti attori della politica internazionale. In particolare Hillary Clinton racconta nelle sue memorie la determinazione nell'ottenere il consenso del presidente Obama e del Consiglio di Sicurezza per la costituzione di una coalizione internazionale che intervenisse con lo scopo di proteggere i civili libici. L'azione del Segretario di Stato americano fu fortemente sostenuta dalla Francia, dalla Gran Bretagna e, soprattutto, dalla Lega Araba. Sul tavolo vi erano le vite di migliaia di civili, ma anche la leadership politico-finanziaria nell'area nord africana. Secondo quanto si evince dai documenti pubblicati da Wikileaks, Gheddafi si candidava a svolgere un ruolo guida con il suo progetto di trasformare l'Unione Africana in un'organizzazione sempre più simile all'Unione Europea. L'Italia, dopo aver riconosciuto le sue colpe coloniali nel Trattato del 2008, godeva di una posizione privilegiata in Libia e di fronte all'escalation della crisi il governo presieduto da Silvio Berlusconi si trovò in un forte imbarazzo. Alla fine prevalse la linea "onusiana" del presidente della Repubblica, Giorgio Napolitano, e del ministro degli Esteri, Franco Frattini. L'Italia divenne quindi un membro attivo della coalizione e con gli altri fu determinata nel portare avanti l'intervento fino all'uscita di scena di Gheddafi, il quale fu catturato e ucciso il 20 ottobre 2011. Lo stesso giorno segnò la fine dell'intervento internazionale e l'inizio della transizione libica mai terminata.

The essay analyzes the phases of the internationalization of the Libyan crisis and the marginal role played by Italy, according to a historical perspective and official documents of the involved States and international organizations. Unlike what happened in Egypt and Tunisia, in Libya, the popular uprising became an international case in few days. As the newspapers of those days highlighted, the ONG denounced Tripoli regime's violations of human rights since the early days and captured the attention of world media and important international actors. Hillary Clinton, as told in her memoir, was determined to get the consent of President Obama and of the UN Security Council for the creation of an international coalition with the aim of protecting Libyan civilians. US Secretary of State's action was strongly supported by France, Great Britain and, mainly, by the Arab League. Thousands of civilians' lives were in danger, but also the political and financial leadership of the Mediterranean area. As the classified documents, which were leaked by Wikileaks, show, Gaddafi was guiding a process of transformation of the African Union inspired by the European Union's model. Italy, having recognized its colonial faults with the Treaty of 2008, had a privileged position in Libya. The rising spiral of the crisis puzzled the Government, which was led by Silvio Berlusconi. Finally, the "onusian" line prevailed thanks to the President of the Republic, Giorgio Napolitano, and the Foreign Minister, Franco Frattini. Italy thus became an active member of the coalition and, with the other Allies, was determined to continue the intervention until Gaddafi's defeat. The Libyan leader was captured and killed on October 20, 2011; the same day marked the end of the international intervention and the beginning of a never ended transition.

Country
Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

Libia; Gheddafi; Primavere arabe

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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