The authors present a case of a papillary type renal cell carcinoma. The tumor is mostly discovered accidentally; a histopathological evaluation is indispensable for an exact diagnosis. Because of a better prognosis, differentiation of this tumor type from the classic variant of renal cell carcinoma is necessary, however, the contralateral appearance of a second tumor is not to be excluded, which necessitates a strict patient follow-up. Prevalence of this tumor is higher in patients with chronic dialysis.