Mummies are human remains with preservation of soft tissues. Natural mummification by natural environment produces natural mummies, whereas mummification induced by human intervention results in artificial mummies. Mummies may give many information into mortuary practices and burial rites, but the presence of soft tissues may expand the paleopathological studies. Recent mummy studies have developed non-destructive methods for the examination of mummies, including digital X-ray, computed tomography (CT) with three-dimensional visualization, and endoscopic techniques. Nevertheless, classical autopsy, when possible, is the preferable procedure for securing tissue samples from specific organs, such as heart, lungs, and liver, essential for good paleopathological diagnoses.