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Monarchie abolite. Lo Stato della Chiesa.

Authors: Consorti Pierluigi;

Monarchie abolite. Lo Stato della Chiesa.

Abstract

Monarchie abolite. Lo Stato Pontificio – Il saggio esamina lo “Stato Pontificio” come “monarchia abolita” a seguito del suo effettivo scioglimento, avvenuto il 20 settembre 1870 con la presa di Roma da parte del Regno d’Italia. L’autore affronta due questioni metodologiche: la prima riguarda la tradizionale visione canonica della c.d. 'debellatio parziale', che nega che i fatti risorgimentali abbiano portato alla cessazione del potere temporale; la seconda mette in luce l’imprecisa definizione della Chiesa come monarchia o come Stato, che riguarda invece propriamente lo “Stato della Chiesa” come entità storico-politica. Lo studio ripercorre poi l'unicità dei caratteri dello Stato Pontificio come monarchia elettiva, patrimoniale e teocratica e ne descrive il declino vissuto a partire dalla Rivoluzione francese e culminato nell'annessione di Roma al regno d'Italia (1870). Questo evento portò a conseguenze parallele: se l'ordinamento italiano con la "Legge delle Guarentigie" (1871) si riconobbe unilateralmente le prerogative personali e l'inviolabilità del Papa, l'ordinamento della Chiesa resistette con veemenza alla caduta effettiva dello Stato: il Papa si dichiarò "prigioniero" dell'Italia con un conseguente isolamento della Santa Sede dalla comunità degli Stati. Infine, il saggio analizza i Patti Lateranensi del 1929 come la definitiva risoluzione giuridica della “questione romana”, sottolineando che la fine del potere temporale della Chiesa e la debellatio del suo Stato, portarono alla creazione dello “Stato della Città del Vaticano”, una nuova entità monarchica, assoluta ed elettiva, che ha di fatto ricostituito una forma di potere temporale in capo al Pontefice romano, grazie anche all'aiuto economico e politico che l'Italia fornì addossandosi la colpa dell'estinzione bellica dello Stato Pontificio.

Abolished Monarchies. The Papal State – The essay examines the “Papal State” as an "abolished monarchy" following its effective dissolution on September 20, 1870, with the capture of Rome by the Kingdom of Italy. The author addresses two methodological issues: the first concerns the traditional canonical view that denies a true abolition of the Church's temporal power, seeing the events of 1870 as a "partial debellatio". The second highlights the imprecision of defining the Church as a monarchy or a state, distinguishing it from the "State of the Church" as a historical political entity. Then the study traces the unicity of the Papal States as an elective, patrimonial, and theocratic monarchy and details the decline of the pontifical monarchy, starting from the French Revolution and culminating in the annexation of Rome in 1870. This event led to parallel consequences: within the Italian legal system, the “Law of Guarantees” (1871) unilaterally recognized the Pope's personal prerogatives and inviolability, while within the Church's legal system, the Pope vehemently protested, declaring himself a "prisoner" and isolating the Holy See internationally. Finally, the essay analyzes the Lateran Pacts of 1929 as the definitive legal resolution of the “questione romana” underlining that the end of the Church's temporal power and the debellatio of its State, leaded to the creation of the “Vatican City State”, a new entity characterized as an elective absolute monarchy, effectively reconstituting a form of temporal power for the Pontiff, with Italy providing substantial financial compensation for the historical loss of the Papal States.

Country
Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

Papal State; Pontifical Monarchy; Temporal power; Lateran pacts; Vatican City, Patti lateranensi, Vaticano, Potere temporale

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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