
handle: 11537/26841
RESUMEN Los aranceles han dejado de representar la principal barrera al comercio exterior, debido a la reducción constante de éstos en el ámbito multilateral o bilateral. Contrariamente, las medidas no arancelarias han ido en aumento, siendo la principal preocupación para las exportaciones mundiales. En este escenario, se presentan las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, las cuales sirven para proteger la salud de las personas, animales y plantas en contra de riesgos asociados con enfermedades, pestes u otros; sin embargo, por la naturaleza de las mismas pueden distorsionar el comercio hasta ser utilizadas con fines proteccionistas en favor de las industrias nacionales de los países importadores. El presente artículo cuestiona si es que a pesar de contar con una serie de acuerdos comerciales internacionales, los cuales han disminuido progresivamente los aranceles, el Perú ha logrado un acceso real al mercado del Asia-Pacífico con productos agropecuarios y pesqueros. En ese sentido, se presentan casos históricos y pendientes en materia de acceso a mercados por medidas de carácter sanitario o fitosanitario, tal como el acceso de paltas a Japón. Asimismo, se analizan las disposiciones de los acuerdos comerciales en materia de medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias y se presentan las potenciales oportunidades que se establecen en estos acuerdos, a fin de agilizar el acceso a mercados internacionales, y que no se han aprovechado.
ABSTRACT Currently, tariffs do not represent the main barrier to foreign trade, due to the continued reduction of these measures in the multilateral or bilateral level. In contrast, non-tariff measures have increased to be considered as the main concern for exports. In this context, one kind of such measures becomes more important, the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. SPS measures serve to protect the health of people, animals and plants against risks associated with diseases, pests between others; however, by the design of those measures, they can distort trade or even been used for protectionist purposes in favor of national industries of importing countries. This article questions whether Peru has achieved real market access for its agricultural and fishery products, because of the wide range of international trade agreements in force. In this sense, historical and pending cases are presented in terms of market access due to SPS measures, like the access for Peruvian avocadoes In the Japanese market. Furthermore, the provisions of trade agreements in terms of sanitary and phytosanitary measures are analyzed in order to present potential opportunities that are established in these agreements and how they encourage trade. It is also presented that those kind of measures have not been used to facilitate Peruvian foreign trade.
Los Olivos
Comercio exterior, https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.02.04, Mercado de exportación, Política comercial internacional
Comercio exterior, https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.02.04, Mercado de exportación, Política comercial internacional
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