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Marketing Internacional

Authors: Cerviño Fernández, Julio; Arteaga Ortiz, Jesús; Fernández del Hoyo, Alfonso Pedro;

Marketing Internacional

Abstract

Si el diseño y ejecución de programas de marketing efectivos resulta ya complejo cuando la empresa sirve un único mercado nacional relativamente homogéneo, todo será mucho más complejo cuando opera en diversos países con estructuras económicas, políticas, legales, competitivas y culturales muy diferentes. Esta es la complejidad del marketing internacional frente al marketing doméstico. Esta diversidad geográfica plantea tres cuestiones que se corresponden con las estrategias esenciales del marketing internacional: ¿cuáles son los mercados exteriores más favorables?, ¿cómo llegar a los clientes en los mercados elegidos?, ¿qué adaptaciones hay que hacer en las ofertas que se realicen? A estas tres preguntas trata de responder este Capítulo. En primer lugar, se explica el proceso para seleccionar mercados exteriores partiendo de las fuentes de información a disposición de la empresa y desarrollando una metodología que comprende tres fases: decisión sobre la alternativa concentración/diversificación, selección de zonas geográficas más favorables y criterios para elegir aquellos mercados objetivo que presentan mayores oportunidades de negocio. A continuación, se analizan las principales alternativas de entrada en mercados exteriores clasificadas en cuatro grupos: exportación directa, exportación indirecta, acuerdos de cooperación e implantación. Posteriormente, se tratan las adaptaciones en las ofertas internacionales según los componentes del marketing mix (producto, precio, distribución y comunicación), analizando el equilibrio óptimo entre la estandarización y adaptación del programa de marketing mix internacional. Finalmente, con objeto de ofrecer una visión global a la estrategia de marketing de la empresa, se analizan las decisiones y estrategias en materia de marca, con el planteamiento inicial de que para competir en los mercados internacionales es necesario ofrecer productos y servicios diferenciados y dicha diferenciación viene principalmente vía innovación y marca.

If the design and execution of effective marketing programs is already complex when the company serves a single, relatively homogeneous domestic market, everything will be much more complex when it operates in several countries with very different economic, political, legal, competitive and cultural structures. This is the complexity of international marketing versus domestic marketing. This geographical diversity raises three questions that correspond to the essential strategies of international marketing: which are the most favorable foreign markets?, how to reach customers in the chosen markets? and what adaptations should be made to the offers made? This Chapter tries to answer these three questions. First, the process for selecting foreign markets is explained, starting from the sources of information available to the company and developing a methodology that comprises three phases: decision on the alternative concentration/diversification, selection of more favorable geographic areas and criteria for choosing those target markets that present greater business opportunities. The main alternatives for entering foreign markets are then analyzed, classified into four groups: direct export, indirect export, cooperation agreements and implementation. Afterwards, the adaptations to the international offers are discussed according to the components of the marketing mix (product, price, distribution and communication), analyzing the optimum balance between standardization and adaptation of the international marketing mix program.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Capítulos en libros

Country
Spain
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Keywords

330

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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