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Algunas reflexiones sobre el caso fortuito y la fuerza mayor

Authors: Navarro Mendizábal, Iñigo Alfonso;

Algunas reflexiones sobre el caso fortuito y la fuerza mayor

Abstract

El caso fortuito y la fuerza mayor son dos conceptos fundamentales para la comprensión del Derecho patrimonial en su conjunto, pues afectan a múltiples situaciones. Quizás lo más importante es que suponen la extinción de la obligación o que se produzca un incumplimiento no imputable. En el art. 1182 se dice «Quedará extinguida la obligación que consista en entregar una cosa determinada cuando ésta se perdiere o destruyere sin culpa del deudor y antes de haberse éste constituido en mora», de manera paralela el art. 1184: «También quedará liberado el deudor en las obligaciones de hacer cuando la prestación resultare legal o físicamente imposible» y en el art. 1105 se refiere: «Fuera de los casos expresamente mencionados en la ley, y de los en que así lo declare la obligación, nadie responderá de aquellos sucesos que no hubieran podido preverse, o que, previstos, fueran inevitables». Es decir, que el deudor, cuando hay un caso fortuito, ve que se extingue la obligación y/o que queda liberado y/o que no responde. Las consecuencias en realidad puede ser de tres tipos: exoneración, no exoneración o exoneración parcial o temporal, lo que complica una dicotomía simplificadora. Es un concepto clásico y que se encuentra recogido en el art. 1105 C.C. pero, a pesar de ello, puede plantearse si la definición legal es un poco defectuosa y si conviene depurarla sistemáticamente.

The «fortuitous case» and «force majeure» are two fundamental concepts for the comprehension of law as a whole, since they affect multiple situations. Perhaps the most important thing is that they suppose the extinction of the obligation or that a non-imputable breach occurs. In art. 1182 says "will be extinguished the obligation that consists in delivering a particular thing when it is lost or destroyed without fault of the debtor and before it has been constituted in default," in parallel art. 1184: "The debtor will also be released in the obligations to do when the benefit is legally or physically impossible" and in art. 1105 refers: "Apart from the cases expressly mentioned in the law, and those in which the obligation states, no one will respond to those events that could not have been foreseen, or that, provided, were unavoidable." That is, the debtor, when there is a fortuitous event, sees that the obligation is extinguished and / or that it is released and / or that it does not respond. The consequences can actually be of three types: exoneration, non-exoneration or partial or temporary exoneration, which complicates a simplifying dichotomy. It is a classic concept and found in the art. 1105 C.C. but, nevertheless, it can be considered if the legal definition is a little defective and if it is convenient to debug it systematically.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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