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Production of micro and nano fibers from hazelnut skin and utilization in cakes

Mikro ve nano fındık zarı liflerinin üretimi ve keklerde kullanımı.
Authors: Çıkrıkçı, Sevil;

Production of micro and nano fibers from hazelnut skin and utilization in cakes

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to investigate micro and nano hazelnut skin fibers and their effects on quality, texture and staling of cakes. In the first part of the study, microstructural properties of cocoa powder/ hazelnut skin samples and rheological properties of cake batter with different percentages (0%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of cocoa powder/ hazelnut skin were evaluated. Herschel?Bulkley model was found to explain the flow behaviors of dough formulations. The highest elastic (G') and loss (G'') module were obtained for dough samples containing 20% replacement of flour with microfluidized hazelnut skin fibers. Additionally, the impact of cocoa powder/ hazelnut skin samples on the quality of cakes (weight loss, color and texture) was determined. The firmest structure was obtained in cakes containing 20% replacement of flour with microfluidized hazelnut skin fiber.In the second part of the study, staling of cakes was investigated by using X-ray and FT-IR analyses. Cakes prepared with hazelnut skin which was processed by microfluidization showed the lowest starch retrogradation results indicating retardation of cake staling.Lastly, reduction of flour content in cake formulation was studied for cakes prepared with microfluidized hazelnut skin fibers. Flour reduction decreased firmness results and viscoelastic properties in microfluidized cake samples.Finally, it was found to be possible to produce cakes containing microfluidized hazelnut skin fiber with the optimization of cake formulation.

Bu çalışmanın ana amacı mikro ve nano fındık zarı liflerinin keklerin kalitesi, tekstürü ve bayatlaması üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında kakao tozu ve fındık zarı örneklerinin mikroyapısal görüntüleriyle kek hamurunun reolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Keklerde değişik oranlarda (%0, %10, %15, %20) kakao tozu/ fındık zarı örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Kek hamuru örneklerinin kayma ile incelen yapı gösterdiği ve Herschel?Bulkley modeline uyduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek G' ve G'' değerleri unun %20 oranında mikroakışkanlandırıcıdan geçirilen fındık zarıyla değiştirildiği kek hamurlarında elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kakao tozu/fındık zarının kek kalitesi (ağırlık kaybı, renk ve tekstür) üzerindeki etkileri de incelenmiştir. Unun %20`sinin mikro ve nano fındık zarı lifleriyle yer değiştirdiği kek örneklerinde en sert yapı elde edilmiştir.Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında, keklerin bayatlamaları X-ray ve FT-IR analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Mikro ve nano fındık zarı lifi içeren kekler en düşük nişasta retrogradasyonunu göstererek bayatlamayı geciktirmişlerdir.Son olarak, kek formulasyonundaki un miktarı azaltılarak mikro ve nano fındık zarı lifi içeren kek örnekleri hazırlanmıştır. Bu örneklerin hamurlarında daha düşük viskoelastik değerleri elde edilmiş olup, örnek keklerde daha yumuşak yapı elde edilmiştir.Sonuç olarak, kek formulasyonunun optimize edilmesiyle mikroakışkanlandırıcı yöntemi ile üretilmiş fındık zarı lifi içeren keklerin üretiminin yapılabileceği görülmüştür.

143

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cake., Food texture., Food Engineering, Baked products., Gıda Mühendisliği, Hazelnuts.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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