Total factor productivity (TFP) is a key determinant for growth process analyses among countries and a useful instrument to understand how much of the GDP growth comes from growth in labor, how much comes from capital and how much comes from improvements in TFP. This chapter aims to investigate TFP growth in emerging market economies (EMEs) in detail and to make a better understanding for the factors behind the growth process of EMEs. In the past decade, EMEs began to close the income gap with developed economies. Over the last decade, EMEs have benefited from high terms of trade, easy financial conditions, institutional reforms and macroeconomic policies. However, EMEs have recently entered a slowing growth period. Although there are variations among countries, the overall growth rates in the past few years have fallen. While factor accumulation has been the main driver of growth in EMEs in the 1990s, the 2000-2014 period is mainly explained by higher TFP (Tsounta, 2014). The TFP has increased in all regions, but after the Great Recession, global factors played a significant role in the EMEs growth process and the TFP growth rates. © Peter Lang GmbH.