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Halife me’mûn’un şîa politikası

Shia policy of caliph al-ma'mun
Authors: Saparov, Kadyr;

Halife me’mûn’un şîa politikası

Abstract

The caliphate of Abdullah Al-Ma'mun who was one of the leading caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty and described by many historians as the scholar (âlim) and philosopher Caliph, was at the end of 2th hijri centruy. The Mihna, which took place in that period, was one of the issues that left its mark on the Islamic world in terms of its implementation with the edict of the Caliph and by the state, and was one of the issues that were mainly emphasized by researchers in the history of Islam. One of the remarkable events of Caliph Ma'mun’s period is appointment of Ali Al-Ridha who was the son of Musa al-Kazim who was accepted as the seventh Imam by the Imamiyyah, to the heirship by the Caliph. This practice of the Caliph is a very different approach in terms of the general views of the Abbasid dynasty. For this reason, Alids policy which belonged to Ma’mun has been taken as the subject in this research. In our study, it is aimed to determine the movements of the Shia in the Ma'mun period and the attitude of the Caliph towards the Shiites.Ma'mun, during his caliphate, gave an unconventional lead against his uncle's sons, whose names were Alids. Thus, he succeeded in stopping their opposition in his own time. This met with great opposition during that period, and as it followed one after another with the practice of Mihna, it aroused repercussions in the Islamic tradition and at the end, it shook the image of Caliph Me'mûn.In this policy, which he applied to the Ma'mûn Alids, he aimed to prevent schism and to preserve the unity of the ummah. By uniting the disintegrated forces in the Islamic world in his own time, he aimed to stop the bloodshed in the internal turmoil and to ensure the unity of Muslims against external opposition.

Abbâsî hanedanının önde gelen halifelerinden olan ve birçok tarihçi tarafından âlim ve filozof Halife olarak vasıflandırılan Abdullah el-Me’mûn’un hilafeti hicri II. asrın sonlarındadır. Bu dönemde gerçekleşen mihne olayı, Halife’nin fermanıyla ve devlet eliyle uygulamaya konulması bakımından İslâm dünyasına damga vuran ve araştırmacılar tarafından İslâm tarihinde önemle üzerinde durulan konulardan birisi olmuştur. Halife Me’mûn döneminin dikkat çekici hadiselerinden biri de İmâmiyye Şîası’nın yedinci İmam kabul ettiği Mûsâ el-Kâzım’ın oğlu Ali b. Mûsâ er-Rızâ’nın Halife tarafından veliahtlığa tayin edilmesidir. Halife’nin bu uygulaması Abbâsî hanedanının genel görüşleri açısından çok farklı bir yaklaşımdır. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada Halife Me’mûn’un Alioğulları politikası araştırma konusu yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Şîa’nın Me’mûn dönemindeki hareketlerinin ve Halife’nin Şiîlere karşı tutumunun tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Me’mûn, hilafeti döneminde amcaoğulları olan Alioğullarına karşı alışılagelenin aksine bir yol izlemiştir. Böylece onların iktidara karşı muhalefetini kendi döneminde durdurmayı başarmıştır. Bu olay o dönemde büyük muhalefetle karşılaşmış, mihne uygulamasıyla da art arda geldiğinden İslâm geleneğinde yankı uyandırmış ve neticede Halife Me’mûn’un imajını sarsmıştır. Me’mûn Alioğullarına uyguladığı bu politikada hizipleşmenin önüne geçmek ve ümmetin birlik ve beraberliğini korumak amacını gütmüştür. Böylece kendi döneminde İslâm aleminde parçalanmış kuvvetleri birleştirerek iç kargaşada akıtılan kanları durdurmak ve Müslümanların dış muhalefete karşı birlik ve beraberliğini sağlamayı hedeflemiştir

Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Ali b. Musa Al-Ridha, 791, Ali b. Mûsâ er-Rızâ, Mihne, Ali b. Musa Al-Ridha., Mihna, Me’mûn, Alioğulları, Alids, Ali b. Mûsâ er-Rızâ., Sect, Ma'mun, Mezhep

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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