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Temel verilerle oluşturulan endekslerin performansı: Borsa İstanbul uygulaması

The performance of the indexes built with fundamental values: An application for the borsa Istanbul
Authors: Küçükşahin, Habib;

Temel verilerle oluşturulan endekslerin performansı: Borsa İstanbul uygulaması

Abstract

The market portfolio put forward by the Capital Assets Pricing Model gives more weight to higher priced stocks and lower weight to lower priced stocks due to the fact that they are capitalization weighted. Because of this feature of the market portfolio, the prices of the stocks in the index do not reflect the fundamental values of the related companies, especially in the periods when the financial markets are in decline, and for this reason, the index performance is realized lower than necessary. As a result, the efficiency of the market indexes, which are capitalization weighted, has started to be discussed with experts in finance and these experts have tried to build alternative indexes to associated capitalization weighted indexes. In the financial literature, these indices are called smart beta indices as alternative indices that offer better returns than the market indices.In the study conducted, indexes which are organized according to the fundamental values were built for the purpose that provides an alternative weighting methodology to the market index. The performance of the indices which is constructed was examined and compared with the capitalization weighted BİST-100 index for the 1997-2015 period. The asset size, book values, operating profits, net profits and sales data of the companies were used by following the AHM methodology in determining the weight of each stock in the index. In addition to the relevant fundamental data, a composite index was also generated, reflecting the average of these fundamental values.As a result of the study, it has been found that the indices constructed by using the fundamental values of the companies listed in Borsa Istanbul provide more returns than the BIST-100 index, which is the capitalization weighted. It has been reached a finding that the index organized according to asset sizes have the highest return and the return of this index have about 14% and 6% respectively arithmetically and geometrically average more annual return than the capitalization-weighted BİST-100 index. In addition to the results explained before, the returns of the fundamental-weighted indexes were tried to be explained by using the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the three-factor model, and the indices built according to the fundamental values were observed to have a positive alpha for these models.Key Words: Portfolio Management Strategies, Capital Asset Pricing Theory, Smart Beta Strategies, Capitalisation-Weighted Index, Fundamental Weighted Index The Borsa Istanbul.

Sermaye Varlıkları Fiyatlama Modeli ile ortaya konulan pazar portföyü, kapitalizasyon ağırlıklı olması nedeni ile yüksek fiyatlı hisse senetlerine daha fazla düşük fiyatlı hisse senetlerine ise daha düşük ağırlık vermektedir. Pazar portföyü veya endeksinin bu özelliği dolayısı ile özellikle finansal piyasaların düşüş gösterdiği dönemlerde endeks içerisinde yer alan hisse senetlerinin fiyatları ilgili şirketlerin temel değerleri ile örtüşmemekte bunun sonucu olarak da endeks performansı gereğinden daha düşük gerçekleşmektedir. Sonuç olarak kapitalizasyon ağırlıklı pazar endekslerinin etkinliği finans konusunda uzman çevrelerce tartışılmaya başlanmış ve ilgili endekse alternatif endeksler oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Finansal literatürde pazar endeksinden daha iyi getiri sağlayabilen alternatif endeksler olarak endekslere gelişmiş (smart) beta endeksleri denilmektedir.Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada pazar endeksine alternatif bir ağırlıklandırma metodolojisi sunma amacı ile temel verilere göre düzenlenen endeksler oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan endekslerin 1997-2015 yılları arasındaki performansı incelenmiş ve kapitalizasyon ağırlıklı BİST-100 endeksine göre karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada endeks içerisinde yer alan her bir hissenin ağırlığının belirlenmesinde AHM metodolojisi izlenerek şirketlerin aktif büyüklükleri, defter değerleri, faaliyet karları, net karları ve satış verileri kullanılmıştır. İlgili temel verilere ek olarak bu verilerin ortalamasını yansıtan ayrıca bir kompozit endeks de oluşturulmuştur.Çalışma sonucunda Borsa İstanbulda yer alan şirketlerin temel değerleri kullanılarak oluşturulan endekslerin kapitalizasyon ağırlıklı BİST-100 endeksine göre daha fazla getiri sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Temel verilere göre oluşturulan endeksler arasında en yüksek getiriyi aktiflere göre düzenlenen endeks sağlamış ve bu endeksin getirisi kapitalizasyon ağırlıklı BİST-100 endeksine göre aritmetik olarak yıllık ortalama yaklaşık %14, geometrik olarak ise yıllık ortalama yaklaşık %6 daha fazla getiri elde etttiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. İlgili sonuçlara ek olarak oluşturulan endekslerin getirileri Sermaye Varlıkları Fiyatlama Modeli ve üç faktör modeli kullanılarak açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve temel verilere göre düzenlenen endekslerin bu modeller için pozitif alfalara sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Portföy Yönetim Stratejileri, Sermaye Varlıkları Fiyatlama Modeli, Gelişmiş (Smart) Beta, Kapitalizasyon Ağırlıklı Endeks, Borsa İstanbul.

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Turkey
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Keywords

330, Portfolio Management Strategies, Performance, Portfolio management, Gelişmiş (Smart) Beta, Borsa İstanbul, Capital Asset Pricing Theory, Fundamental Weighted Index The Borsa Istanbul, Asset pricing, 650, Stock exchange index, Index, Kapitalizasyon Ağırlıklı Endeks, Capital assets, İstanbul Stock Exchange, İşletme, Fundamental variables, Portföy Yönetim Stratejileri, Basic indicators, Stock exchange, Sermaye Varlıkları Fiyatlama Modeli, Smart Beta Strategies, Capitalisation-Weighted Index, Business Administration

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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