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Mu`tezile ve Eş`arîler arasındaki nedensellik tartışmaları

Causality discussions between Mu'tazila and ash'aris
Authors: Kaplan, Ahmet;

Mu`tezile ve Eş`arîler arasındaki nedensellik tartışmaları

Abstract

Tabiatı gözlemleyen insan, ondaki oluş ve bozuluşu anlamlandırmayaçalışmıştır. Bu değişimin sebepleri üzerinde düşünürken bu sebeplerin belirli sonuçlarıtekrar tekrar doğurduğunu fark etmiştir. Kendisini tabiat karşısında konumlandıraninsan, ondaki bu sebepleri dikkate alarak hayat mücadelesini sürdürmüştür. Hayatınısürdürebilmesi için tabiattaki düzeni, sebep-sonuç ilişkisini dikkate almak insan içinkaçınılmaz bir durumdur. İnsanın fıtratından gelen ve ilk çağlardan beri gün yüzüneçıkan ulu bir varlığa inanma ihtiyacı insanı tabiat ve Tanrı arasında bir ilişki kurmayaitmiştir. Tanrı ile âlem arasında nedensel bir ilişki kuran insan aynı zamanda kendifiillerini de Tanrı ile ilişkilendirerek tabiattan farklı bir nedensellik alanını gün yüzüneçıkarmıştır. İnsan, Tanrı karşısında kendi iradesini kimi zaman yok sayarken kimizaman da bunu dengelemiş, bazen de kendi fiillerinden Tanrıyı tümüyle ayrı tutmuştur.İslam düşünce tarihinde de etkili olan nedensellik anlayışı köklerini eski Yunanve eski Hint medeniyetlerine kadar uzatmış bir olgudur. Allah-âlem ilişkisini cevheraraznazariyesine dayandıran Müslüman düşünürler, Allah'a âlemde varlık alanıaçarken, insanı da bu bağlamda konumlandırma gayretine düşmüşlerdir. Cebriyye'nincebr anlayışı ile insan iradesini Allah karşısında sıfırladığı bir dönemde Mu'tezile`tevlid` görüşünü savunarak insana geniş bir manevra alanı açmıştır. Onun fiillerininyaratıcısı olduğunu kabul ederek Allah karşısında sorumlu olmasını mantıksal birzemine oturtmuştur. Bu iki uç arasında orta bir yol tutan Eş'arî, `kesb` anlayışınıbenimseyerek insana Allah'ın mutlak kudreti yanında sorumlu tutulacağı bir teorioluşturmuştur. Ancak incelendiğinde bunun özgürlükten kaynaklanan gerçek birsorumluluk olmadığı sadece bir zorlama olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Eş'arî sonrasıkelamcılar insanı cebr altında tutan bu 'kesb' anlayışının çıkmazlarını fark ederekinsana irade ve kudret alanı açmaya çalışmıştır.

The human being the nature has tried to make sense of the formation and thebreakdown. While thinking about the reasons of this change, this human realized thatthese reasons re-produced certain results. The person who positions himself / herselfagainst nature has continued his struggle for life considering these reasons. This is amust for him. Because he must take into account the cause-and-effect relation in natureso that he can survive. The need to believe in a great being that comes from man'snature and has come to light since the earliest times has motivated the man to establish arelationship between nature and God. A human who established a causal relationshipbetween God and the world, at the same time, also associated his own actions with God,thus he brought a different causality field to the surface. The man sometimes ignored hiswill, but sometimes he balanced it in front of the God, and sometimes he kept God apartfrom his own actions.The concept of causality, which is also influential in the history of Islamicthought, has extended its roots to ancient Greek and ancient Indian civilizations.Muslim thinkers who attribute the relation of Allah and the world to ore-araz theorieshave tried to position human in this context while opening an existence field for Allahin the world. At a time when Cebriyye's cebr understanding set off man's will in front ofGod, Mu'tazila opened a wide maneuvering area by advocating the idea of `tevlid`. Heaccepted the fact that he was the creator of his actions and put it on a logical level to beaccountable to Allah. Being in a middle way between these two extremes, Ash'ariembraced the concept of `kesb` and opened an area of will for human that he isresponsible for besides the absolute power of God.

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Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Araz, Din, Mutazila, World, Kesb, Sonuç, Cebr, Islam, Eş`ari, Mu'tezile, Religion, Causality, Eş’arîler, Cevher, Nedensellik, Sebep, Tevlid

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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