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Dört Halife Dönemi`nde beytülmal

Authors: Öner, Abdulkerim;

Dört Halife Dönemi`nde beytülmal

Abstract

The Beytulmal where the revenues of the state are collected in Islamic history corresponds to the state treasury of today. Although the history of the Beytulmal organization dates back to the time of the Prophet, it is not possible to mention a place reserved for that purpose at that time. One room of the caliph's house was allocated for the state treasury at the time of Abu Bakr. The institutionalization of the Beytulmal and its rebuilding of detached buildings coincide with the time of Omar. With the expansion of the borders and the increase in the state revenues in the period of Omar, a divan organization was established. The people were recorded in the books according to their tribal affiliations. The lands in the conquered regions were not distributed to jihadists and transferred to the treasury, unlike the earlier ones. After that, it was determined how much these lands were and how much tax would come from them. The number of fey incomes was determined at the time of Ömer as accepted among the treasury revenues and these were zakat received from the Muslims and jizya, harac, humus, uşû, etc received from the non-Muslims. Thus, a certain budget began to form. While some of the goods collected in the beytulmal has been spent for the public good, the remaining part has been distributed to the citizens.

İslam tarihinde devletin gelirlerinin toplandığı mekân olan beytülmal, günümüzdeki devlet hazinesine tekabül eder. Beytülmal kurumunun mazisi Hz. Peygamber zamanına kadar gitmekle birlikte o dönemde sadece bu amaç için ayrılan bir yerden bahsedilemez. Hz. Ebû Bekir zamanında halifenin evinin bir odası devlet hazinesi için tahsis edilmiştir. Beytülmalin kurumsallaşması ve müstakil binalara kavuşması ise Hz. Ömer zamanına denk gelmektedir. Hz. Ömer döneminde sınırların genişlemesi ve devlet gelirlerinin artmasıyla birlikte divan teşkilatı kuruldu. Halk kabile mensubiyetlerine göre defterlere kaydedildi. Fethedilen bölgelerdeki araziler, daha önce yapılanların aksine mücahitlere dağıtılmayıp hazineye devredildi. Bunun ardından bu arazilerin ne kadar olduğu ve buralardan ne kadar vergi geleceği tespit edildi. Hz. Ömer zamanında hazine gelirleri arasında kabul edilen, Müslümanlardan alınan zekât ile gayrimüslimlerden tahsil edilen cizye, harac, humus, uşûr vb. gibi fey gelirlerinin tutarı belirlendi. Böylece belirli bir bütçe oluşmaya başladı. Beytülmalde biriken malların bir kısmı kamu yararına harcanırken geri kalan kısmı ise atiyye olarak vatandaşlara dağıtılmıştır.

Lisansüstü tezlerin elektronik ortamda toplanması, düzenlenmesi ve erişime açılması konusuna ilişkin yök'ün 18.06.2018 tarihli yönergesine istinaden artık bu tarihten sonra gizlilik şartı aranmayan bütün tezler erişime açılacaktır.

Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

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Turkey
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Keywords

Tarih, History, Din, Beytülmal, Islamic history, Alms, Hazine, Beytulmal, Treasury, Atiyye, Omar, Religion, Four Caliph Period, Hz. Ömer, Cizye, Zekât, Zakat

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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