Since the 18. Century, the developments in Europe have attracted the attention of the Islamic world. The Ottoman Empire sent students to Europe to learn about military and political developments. This led to the spread of Western knowledge in educated Ottoman circles. After direct exposure to Europe, it became clear that the superiority of the West was not only in military and economic fields, but also to a different worldview. This led to a belief that modernization could only be achieved through Europeanization. Arab world also began to see the influence of European ideas, such as nationalism and nation-state. By the 19th century, European colonization had spread to more than half of the Islamic world. After the First World War, Arabs found themselves under European colonialism. This study examines Arab nationalism and its transformation, and the viability of Arab nationalism. In this context, the study aims to examine the impact of this ideology on the structural transformation of the Middle Eastern geography in the context of nation-states, based on the concepts of “wataniya” and “qawmiya”.