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Spinoza'da vahiy ve mucize

Authors: Ulusan, Hatice;

Spinoza'da vahiy ve mucize

Abstract

This thesis is about how revelation and miracle are understood in Spinoza's philosophy. As a rationalist philosopher in the 17th century, Spinoza accepted that God is a single substance. It is very important to determine how revelation and miracle are to be understood within such a conception of God. Therefore, the first part of the thesis includes discussions on Spinoza's understanding of God as inherent in what he created as a necessary being and whether he was pantheist or panentheist. As an important researcher and critic of religions in his time, Spinoza was directly interested in the understanding of revelation and miracle in sacred texts. In the second part of the thesis, the issue of revelation is addressed as a problem of knowledge and it is seen that the imagination of the prophets makes this revelation possible. It is also necessary to emphasize that it has a similarity with the Peripatetic tradition in this regard. According to Spinoza, God sent down revelation according to the temperament of each prophet. However, with his rationalist discourse, he draws attention to the fact that revelation is not a source of knowledge and that prophets can only be taken as examples in a moral sense. Spinoza's view of miracles is also different from the classical view. In this subject, which is discussed in the third section, it is seen that, according to Spinoza, miracles do not occur contrary to divine laws. According to him, natural events within divine law should be seen as miracles. Because miracles are not extraordinary events, but events that occur as a result of the cause-effect chain that God initially puts forward. Spinoza's universe has a deterministic structure. In conclusion, when we look at Spinoza's views on the subjects of God, revelation and miracles, we see that he deals with issues with a method that emphasizes reason and that he has an influence on himself and later on the history of thought.

Bu tez, Spinoza'nın felsefesinde vahiy ve mucizenin nasıl anlaşıldığı hakkındadır. Spinoza, 17. yüzyılda rasyonalist bir filozof olarak Tanrı'nın tek töz olduğunu kabul etmiştir. Böyle bir Tanrı tasavvuru içerisinde vahiy ve mucizenin nasıl anlaşılacağını belirlemek oldukça mühimdir. Bu nedenle tezin birinci bölümünde Spinoza'nın zorunlu varlık olarak var ettiklerine içkin olan Tanrı anlayışına ve onun panteist mi panenteist mi olduğu hakkındaki tartışmalara yer verilmiştir. Spinoza kendi döneminde dinler hakkında önemli bir araştırmacı ve eleştirmen olarak özellikle kutsal metinlerdeki vahiy ve mucize anlayışıyla doğrudan ilgili olmuştur. Tezin ikinci bölümünde vahiy meselesinin bir bilgi problemi olarak ele alındığı ve peygamberlerin hayal gücünün bu vahyi mümkün kıldığı görülmüştür. Bu konuda onun, Meşşaî gelenekle bir benzerliği olduğunu da vurgulamak gerekir. Spinoza'ya göre Tanrı, her peygamberin mizacına göre vahiy indirmiştir. Ancak o rasyonalist söylemiyle vahyin bir bilgi kaynağı olmadığını ve peygamberlerin sadece ahlaki anlamda örnek alınabileceğine dikkat çekmektedir. Spinoza'nın mucizeye bakışı da klasik görüşten farklıdır. Üçüncü bölümde ele alınan bu konuda, Spinoza'ya göre mucizelerin ilahî kanunlara aykırı olarak meydana gelmediği görülmüştür. Ona göre Tanrısal yasa içerisindeki doğa olayları mucize olarak görülmelidir. Çünkü mucizeler olağanüstü olaylar değil, Tanrı'nın ilk başta ortaya koymuş olduğu sebep sonuç silsilesi neticesinde meydana gelen olaylardır. Spinoza'nın evreni determinist bir yapıdadır. Sonuç olarak, Spinoza'nın Tanrı, vahiy ve mucize konuları hakkındaki görüşlerine bakıldığında onun aklı öne çıkaran bir yöntemle meseleleri ele aldığı ve kendisinde sonra da düşünce tarihinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Din felsefesi, Panteizm, Panentheism, Tanrı, Revelation, Vahiy, Panenteizm, Pantheism, Prophet, God, Mucize, Spinoza, Miracle, Peygamber, Philosophy of religion

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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