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Diyarbakır karpuzunun (Citrullus lanatus cv.`Sürme`) mikroçoğaltılması

Authors: Pirinç, Vedat;

Diyarbakır karpuzunun (Citrullus lanatus cv.`Sürme`) mikroçoğaltılması

Abstract

Xll SUMMARY PhD. Thesis Micropropagation of Diyarbakır Watermelon {Citrullus lanatus ev. Sürme) Vedat PÎRİNÇ Dicle University Graduated School of Natural and Applied Science Department of Biology 2004, Page: 141 The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro micropropagation methods used in breeding and propagation for diploid `Sürme` variety of Diyarbakır watermelon that has the highest growing potential in the region. Methods were also developed for tetraploid formation used in breeding and production of triploid watermelon in future. An effective surface sterilisation of seed used as a main explant source was to soak in 3% commercial NaOCI solution for 5 minutes. Explants consisted of two cotyledons from 5- days-old seedlings were the best explant type. For all in vitro shoot proliferation studies, a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 30 g l`1 sucrose and 7 g M was the best medium. 5.8 degree was found the best pH degree of the medium. BA of 0.5 mg l`1 was the best cytokine type and concentration to propagate the most shoots. 0.5 mg l`1 BA gave 8.46 shoot/explant with 2.21 cm shoot length. 1 382 400 plants could be produced from initial culture beginning with 100 explants, during 6 months. The best auxin type and concentration is NAA of 1 mg 1`', for rooting of regenerated shoots. The maximum rooting rate was 87% obtained from the cultures keeping in dark for 7 days. The yield of shoots and rooting rate is obtained better than expecting rate from all subculture numbers.Xlll The tetraploid formation was occurred when the seed and the plant apical top treated with 0.02% and 0.2 % colchicines for 24 hours respectively. The ploidy level of plant was estimated by counting the numbers of chloroplast per guard cell pair at the lower epidermis. The mean number of chloroplast, for plant and the seed, treated with colchicine was 19.47 and 16.95 respectively. This finding was proof for tetraploid formation. The ploidy level of diploid `Sürme` variety was obtained by counting the chloroplast. Average 10.70 chloroplast was counted from this variety. Using the micropropagation protocol developed for Diyarbakır watermelon `Sürme` variety growers' income will be increased because yield and quality of crops will be rise as a result of obtaining the seedlings from the same seed or seeds. The result of this study can also be used as a reference for the studies propagation new varieties, transgenic plants and mutant species in future. KEYWORDS: Watermelon, tissue culture, micropropagation

ÖZET Doktora Tezi Diyarbakır Karpuzunun {Citrullus lanatuscv. Sürme) Mikroçoğaltılması Vedat PİRİNÇ Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı 2004, Sayfa: 141 Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır karpuz çeşitlerinden yetiştiriciliği en yaygın olan `Sürme` çeşidinin ıslahına ve çoğaltımma yönelik olarak in vitro mikroçoğaltım metodunun ve çekirdeksiz karpuz üretiminde kullanmak için tetraploid oluşum yönteminin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada tohumların yüzey sterilizasyonunda, %3 NaOCI'te 5 dakika uygulamasının etkili olduğu ve 5 günlük kotiledonların, en iyi eksplant olduğu bulunmuştur. In vitro çalışmalarda, 1/1 yoğunluktaki modifiye edilmiş Murashige ve Skoog (MS) besi ortamı kullanılmış, 30 g l`1 sakkaroz en uygun şeker tipi ve konsantrasyonu, 7 g l`1 ağarın optimum agar konsantrasyonu ve 5. 8 'in de en uygun pH değeri olduğu bulunmuştur. Sürgün veriminin arttırılmasında 0.5 mg l`1 BA'nın etkin olduğu ve bu ortamda eksplant başına ortalama 8.46 adet sürgün ve 2.21 cm sürgün uzunluğu elde edilmiştir. 100 eksplantla kültüre başlanılması halinde 6 ayda; 1 382 400 adet bitki üretilmesi mümkündür. Rejenerantların köklenmesinde, 1 mg l`1 NAA'nın en uygun oksin tipi ve konsantrasyonu olurken maksimum köklenme oranı, 7 gün karanlıkta bırakılan kültürlerde %87 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm altkültürlerde, sürgün verimi ve köklenme oranlan beklenenden iyi çıkmıştır. Tohumların %0.02 ve bitki büyüme uçlarının %0.2'lik kolşisin çözeltisiyle 24 saat muamele edilerek tetraploid oluşum gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ploidi seviyesi, bekçi hücredeki kloroplastların sayılmasıyla belirlenmiştir. Tohuma kolşisin uygulanarak oluşan bitki yapraklarında 16.95 ve bitki büyüme uçlarına uygulananlarda ise 19.47 kloroplast sayılarakXI tetraploid oluşum tespit edilmiştir. Uygulama yapılmayan bitkilerde ise 10.70 kloroplast sayılarak Sürme'nin diploid olduğu belirlenmiştir. `Sürme` için geliştirilen mikroçoğaltım sayesinde; benzer özellik gösteren çok sayıda fide tek tohum ya da tohumlardan elde edileceğinden ürünün verim ve kalitesini arttırarak üreticilerin gelirlerinin artışına neden olacak ve gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara da referans olacaktır. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: karpuz, doku kültürü, mikroçoğaltım

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Turkey
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Keywords

Watermelon, Tissue culture, Mikroçoğaltım, Micropropagation, Karpuz, Biology, Biyoloji, Doku kültürü

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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