
handle: 11458/3950
Las aguas residuales se han convertido en un foco principal de contaminación de fuentes de agua superficiales por el tratamiento inadecuado antes de su vertimiento, en la localidad de Habana se presenta esta problemática, la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) se encuentra en estado colapsado, por lo que no es eficiente en el tratamiento, generando que el efluente contamine la fuente receptora (quebrada el Galdín). El humedal artificial subsuperficial de flujo vertical se diseñó para un caudal de 3m3/día, en el cual se colocó capas de sustrato de grava gruesa, grava fina y arena gruesa, en un área superficial de 3,30m2, dónde se realizó la distribución de los esquejes de pasto vetiver cada 0,50 m. La caracterización del agua residual se realizó cada veinte (20) días a la entrada y salida del humedal, durante cuatro (4) meses con veinte (20) días, obteniéndose la máxima eficiencia de remoción del humedal en la séptima muestra, siendo las concentraciones en coliformes termotolerantes de 4 352 NMP/100 mL a 94 NMP/100 mL, con 97,84 % de remoción, los sólidos totales en suspensión de 285 mL/L a 56 mL/L, la DQO de 218 mg/L a 39 mg/L con 82,11 % de remoción, la DBO5 varía de 177 mg/L a 24 mg/L con 86,44 % de remoción y la turbiedad de 85,54 UNT a 6,38 UNT. Finalmente se afirma que el humedal artificial con Chrysopogon zizanioides logró disminuir significativamente los parámetros evaluados, convirtiéndose en una alternativa de solución viable por ser de bajo costo, tener alta eficiencia de remoción y por cumplir con los límites máximos permisibles para efluentes de plantas de tratamiento de agua residual según D.S. Nº003-2010-MINAN.
Wastewater has become a major source of contamination of surface water sources due to inadequate treatment before discharge. In the village of Habana, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is in a collapsed state, that makes the treatment inefficient, causing the effluent to contaminate the receiving source (the Galdín stream). The subsurface artificial wetland with vertical flow was designed for a flow of 3m3/day, in which layers of substrate of coarse gravel, fine gravel and coarse sand were placed in a surface area of 3.30m2, where vetiver grass cuttings were distributed every 0.50m. The characterization of the wastewater was performed every twenty (20) days at the inlet and outlet of the wetland, during four (4) months with twenty (20) days, obtaining the maximum removal efficiency of the wetland in the seventh sample, being the concentrations in thermotolerant coliforms from 4 352 NMP/100 mL to 94 NMP/100 mL, with 97.84 % removal, total suspended solids from 285 mL/L to 56 mL/L, COD from 218 mg/L to 39 mg/L with 82.11 % removal, BOD5 varied from 177 mg/L to 24 mg/L with 86.44 % removal and turbidity from 85.54 UNT to 6.38 UNT. Finally, it is affirmed that the artificial wetland with Chrysopogon zizanioides significantly reduced the parameters evaluated, making it a viable alternative solution because of its low cost, high removal efficiency and that it complies with the maximum permissible limits for effluents from wastewater treatment plants according to D.S. Nº 003-2010-MINAM.
550, Gramínea, https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.11.02, Humedal, Agua residual, DBO, DQO, Remoción
550, Gramínea, https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.11.02, Humedal, Agua residual, DBO, DQO, Remoción
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