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Elaboración y evaluación de tableros aglomerados a base de fibra y endocarpo de coco (Cocos nucifera) y cemento

Authors: Sangama Salas, Jorge Luis;

Elaboración y evaluación de tableros aglomerados a base de fibra y endocarpo de coco (Cocos nucifera) y cemento

Abstract

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo de elaborar y evaluar el óptimo tablero aglomerado a base de fibra y endocarpo de coco (Cocos nucifera) y cemento, según sus propiedades físico-mecánicas como resistencia a la flexión (kg/cm2), densidad (g/cm3), hinchamiento (%vol.) y absorción de agua (% peso), donde estos valores fueron comparados con las medidas estandarizadas de la FAO para tableros aglomerados de densidad media. La metodología experimental consistió en tres fases; la primera en obtención de fibra y endocarpio de coco en el Distrito de Pucacaca - Provincia de Picota para luego ser sometido a un proceso de extracción y enriado, segunda fase en la elaboración de tableros aglomerados según relaciones (1:2, 2:1, 1:3, 3:1) de fibra-endocarpio/cemento en proporciones de 40, 50 y 60%, y la tercera fase en la evaluación mecánica y física de los tableros que se realizaron de acuerdo a las especificaciones de las Normas Técnicas Peruanas de Madera. Se utilizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con 12 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones para dar respuesta a los objetivos planteados a través de un análisis de varianza (ANVA) y prueba de Tukey a una probabilidad de α=0,05. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: que, de los experimentos desarrollados de tableros aglomerados, las mejores mezclas según sus propiedades físico-mecánicas fueron 10%fibra - 30% endocarpio y 60% cemento que pertenecen a la muestra evaluada T9, a diferencia de la muestra T10 de mezcla 45% fibra - 15% endocarpio y 40% cemento. Solo las muestras T3 (190.880 kg/cm2, 0.67 g/cm3, 7.749%vol., 69.283% peso); y T8 (141.387 kg/cm2, 0.65g/cm3, 9.243%vol., 73.806% peso) cumplieron con los estándares establecidos por la FAO para su comercialización. Concluyendo, que el óptimo tablero aglomerado de densidad media que tuvo mejor respuesta según elaboración y evaluación fue la muestra T3 (13,3% fibra - 26,7% endocarpio y 60% cemento), y que estadísticamente presentó una diferencia altamente significativa (Sig.=0,000<0,05) de los tableros aglomerados estudiados. Además, se constató que el incremento en el porcentaje de fibra al cemento genera una disminución de la resistencia y aumento en la absorción de agua y los movimientos de humedad.

The present research work had as objective to elaborate and to evaluate the optimal agglomerate board based on fiber and endocarp of coconut (Cocos nucifera) and cement, according to its physical-mechanical properties like resistance to the flexion (kg/cm2), density (g/cm3), swelling (%vol.) and water absorption (%weight), where these values were compared with the standardized measures of the FAO for agglomerate boards of medium density. The experimental methodology consisted of three phases; the first one is the obtention of coconut fiber and endocarp in the District of Pucacaca - Province of Picota to be later submitted to an extraction and retting process, the second phase is the elaboration of agglomerated boards according to relations (1: 2, 2:1, 1:3, 3:1) of fiber-endocarp/cement in proportions of 40, 50 and 60%, and the third phase in the mechanical and physical evaluation of the boards that were made according to the specifications of the Peruvian Technical Norms of Wood. A Completely Random Design (CRD) with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions was used to respond to the objectives set through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a probability of α=0.05. The obtained results were: that, from the experiments developed on agglomerated boards, the best mixtures according to their physical-mechanical properties were 10% fiber - 30% endocarp and 60% cement that belong to the evaluated sample T9, unlike the sample T10 of mixture 45% fiber - 15% endocarp and 40% cement. Only the T3 samples (190,880 kg/cm2, 0.67 g/cm3, 7.749%vol., 69.283% weight); and T8 (141,387 kg/cm2, 0.65g/cm3, 9.243%vol., 73.806% weight) met the standards established by FAO for their commercialization. In conclusion, the optimal medium density chipboard that had better response according to elaboration and evaluation was the sample T3 (13.3% fiber - 26.7% endocarp and 60% cement), and that statistically presented a highly significant difference (Sig.=0.000<0.05) of the studied chipboards. In addition, it was verified that the increase in the percentage of fiber in the cement generates a decrease in the resistance and an increase in water absorption and moisture movements.

Country
Peru
Related Organizations
Keywords

Propiedades físico mecánicas, 330, https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.11.02, Tableros aglomerados, Cemento, Fibra y endocarpo de coco

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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