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Hamlet and Ophelia: Mad characters in Hamlet

Authors: Sülün, Ebru;

Hamlet and Ophelia: Mad characters in Hamlet

Abstract

101 ÖZET Psikanalize dayanan bir eleştiri yöntemi olan Psikanalitik Eleştiri, sanat eleştirisinde büyük bir yer tutmaktadır. Freud'un bilinçaltı ile ilgili buluşlarına dayanan bu yöntem, eserlerdeki kişilerin psikoloji ve davranışlarını açıklamak amacıyla uygulanır. Örneğin, Shakespeare 'in Hamlet oyununda, Hamlet karakterinin kişilik sorunu, Freud ve Ernest Jones tarafından Oidipus Kompleksi ile çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Hamlet babasımn intikamını almak için bir türlü harekete geçemez ve bunu durmadan erteler, çünkü babasını öldürerek yerine geçen ve annesiyle evlenen adam, aslında Hamlet'in çocukluğunda duyduğu ve bastırdığı bir isteği gerçekleştirmektedir. Hamlet kendi babasım ortadan kaldırarak annesiyle birleşme isteğini bilinçaltında duymuş olduğu içindir ki, aynı şeyi gerçekleştiren Claudius ile kendini özdeşleştirmektedir. Hamlet'in kişilik sorunu üzerinde çokça düşünülmüş ve mantıklı sebepler bulunmaya çalışılarak Hamlet'in deliliği hep tolere edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Hamlet'in deliliği doğaötesi olarak görülürken Ophelia' nın deliliği kadın doğasının bir parçası olarak kabul edilmiştir. Aslında Ophelia' mn deliliği kadının toplumda ezilmişliğinin bir simgesidir. Nasıl Ophelia' nın deliliği sorgulanmadan doğasının bir gereği olarak görülüyorsa, kadının toplumda itilmesi, ezilmesi de erkek egemen toplumda normal karşılanmaktadır.102 Feminist Eleştiri Kuramı'nın verileri ışığında edebiyat yapıtlarına bakıldığında, yalnız gerçek yaşamda değil romanlarda, şiirlerde, oyunlarda da kadının aşağılandığı, horlandığı ve böylece ataerkil düzenin bu yoldan da desteklenip sürdürüldüğü görülür. Bu yüzden, bu çalışmada, Ophelia karakterinin deliliği üzerinde durulurken Feminist Eleştiri Kuramdan faydalanılmıştır.

ABSTRACT For long years, many literary scholars, psychiatrists and critics, like Sigmund Freud, Ernest Jones and Thedore Lidz, have been debating over Hamlet's psychological distress and searching for the causes of his madness. Hamlet's madness has always been tolerated by finding out some rational causes, whereas Ophelia's madness is accepted as part her female nature. For example, Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones try to solve Hamlet's problem by means of Oedipus Complex. In Freud and Jones' view, Hamlet is unable to take the revenge of his father's crime, because he has a repressed sexual desire for his own mother, and a consequent wish to get rid of his father. Therefore, Hamlet identifies himself with his uncle who has already done what Hamlet himself secretly wished to do. For the elaboration of the origins of Hamlet's madness, then, Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism, and for the interpretation of Ophelia's madness Feminist Literary Criticism is used. This thesis aims to reread Shakespeare's play Hamlet, and to make a comparative analysis of Hamlet and Ophelia in terms of madness by using these two literary criticisms.

110

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Madness, Feminist Criticism Theory, English Linguistics and Literature, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı, English literature, Psychoanalytic Criticism Theory, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, Hamlet

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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