The aim of this review is to explain toxic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on non-target organisms and to raise awareness in this regard. It has become more important in recent years to increase the yield in agriculture in order to meet the growing population and accordingly the increased food requirement. Accordingly, various protective substances called pesticides have begun to be utilized in agricultural areas. Insecticides are among the most commonly used pesticides. Neonicotinoid insecticides have been used against harmful insects increasingly in agriculture for the last 30 years. in addition to agricultural areas these insecticides are also used extensively against harmful pests in homes, parks and gardens. Neonicotinoid insecticides are widespread in the environment and have many adverse effects on non-target beneficial organisms. It is estimated that the harmful effects of these insecticides extend from some beneficial insects to birds and even mammals.