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Küba`da Afrika kökenli Santeria dini ve Bata müziği geleneği

Authors: Gürkan, Barış;

Küba`da Afrika kökenli Santeria dini ve Bata müziği geleneği

Abstract

In this paper, the Santeria religion, which incorporates syncretic elements from Yoruba and Christianity religions in Cuba, and the bata music, the musical practice of this religion, is handled through the syncretism perspective and changes occurred during the period when Santeria took roots in Cuba and whether these changes are within the framework of syncretism or not are examined. In the light of this information, it is determined how cultural components of religion and music in the Yoruba culture are affected and what the causes and results of this effect are.The concept of syncretism is restricted by the description that different cultures and cultural components coming together constitute a new culture and a new cultural component, which is different from their previous state, without completely melting in each other. In this framework, when it is studied how the Yoruba religion and musical practice of this religion is affected by the cultural change from Africa to Cuba and particularly by syncretism, it is seen that the religion component in the Yoruba culture gets into a syncretic relationship with Christianity; however, the bata tradition, a piece of the religious practice, has no oral or musical syncretic counterpart related to Christianity and maintains its state brought from the lands of Yoruba.The major reason for that is the organic bond of the bata practice with the Yoruba language, a tonal language, and the Lucumi language, its extension in Cuba. Repertory of the bata drum, which is a speaking drum, consists of sayings or lyrics telling stories about lives of gods, which are called orisha. The bata drum, which imitates the triple-tone structure of these holy lyrics in the Yoruba language, does not get into a syncretic fusion with hymns and doctrines of Christianity, where a non-tonal language is employed. Moreover, holiness of the bata repertory and increase of the bata drum?s strategic importance in the new religion prevents it from getting into syncretic relationship with lyrics and musical components of the Christianity religion.

Bu çalışmada, Küba'da Yoruba ve Hıristiyanlık dinlerinden senkretik ögeler barındıran Santeria dini ve bu din bağlamındaki müzik pratiği olan bata müziği, senkretizm perspektifinde ele alınarak, Santeria'nın Küba'da kök saldığı süreçte meydana gelen değişimler ve bu değişimlerin senkretizm çerçevesi içinde olup olmadığı araştırılır. Bu bilgiler ışığında Yoruba kültüründeki din ve müzik kültür bileşenlerinin senkretizmden ne şekilde etkilendiği, neden ve sonuçları saptanır.Senkretizm kavramı, bir araya gelen farklı kültür ve kültür bileşenlerinin, tamamen birbiri içinde erimeden, bir araya gelmeden önceki hallerinden farklı, yeni bir kültür ve yeni bir kültür bileşeni oluşturmaları tanımıyla sınırlanır. Bu çerçevede Yoruba dininin ve bu dinin müzik pratiğinin Afrika'dan Küba'ya kültürel değişimden ve özelde senkretizmden nasıl etkilendiği araştırıldığında, Yoruba kültüründeki din bileşenin Hıristiyanlıkla senkretik bir ilişki içine girdiği, ancak dinsel pratiğin bir parçası olan bata geleneğinin, Hıristiyanlıkla ilgili herhangi bir sözel veya müziksel senkretik karşılığının olmadığı, Yoruba topraklarından getirildiği halini koruduğu görülür.Bunun başlıca nedeni bata pratiğinin, tonal bir dil olan Yoruba dili ve Küba'daki uzantısı olan Lucumi diliyle olan organik bağıdır. Bir konuşan davul olarak bata davulunun repertuarını, orişa adı verilen tanrıların sözleri veya hayatlarından hikayeler anlatan metinler oluşturur. Bu kutsal metinlerin Yoruba dilindeki üç tonlu yapısını taklit eden bata davulu, tonal olmayan bir dilin kullanıldığı Hıristiyanlık ilahileri ve öğretileriyle senkretik bir kaynaştırmaya girmez. Ayrıca bata repertuarının kutsallığı ve bata davulunun yeni din içindeki stratejik öneminin artması da bata davulunun Hıristiyan dinindeki söz ve müzik ögeleriyle senkretik ilişkiye girmesini engeller.

116

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Turkey
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Keywords

Etnomüzikoloji A.B.D., Religious music, Bata music, Africa, Santeria religion, Cuba, Müzik, Ethnomusicology, Drum, Syncretism, Music

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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