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Aristoteles`in adalet anlayışı

Authors: Adıyaman, Murat;

Aristoteles`in adalet anlayışı

Abstract

One of the most important concepts of history of political and moral philosophy is the concept of justice. Since justice is a concept that emerges both in human-human interactions as an ethical virtue and also in human-society interaction as a political virtue, its a measure of legitimacy. Aristotle's conception of justice is especially important in this regard. Because his conception, has the characteristic of being the first debate on this issue. Aristotle treats justice on the one hand as moral on the other hand as political virtue. Justice, as a moral virtue, is a meta-virtue that unites all other virtues in itself. As a political virtue, it is the pillar of a political society. Aristotele evaluates justice as a moral virtue in two ways: as legality and as truth (equity). And splits justice as truth to two, one as corrective the other as distributive. He evaluates these forms of justices in terms of their relationships with the concepts of equality and freedom. Aristotle establishes justice, as a moral and political virtue, in a political society not with referans to a transcendant ideal of ?Good? but with referans to the actions of free citizens. Because according to him, justice is a concept belonging to the contingent-humanly world, and can be established precisely starting from this humanly world. Virtue of justice is the expression of political principle of ?common good? or ?common interest? that constitues a just society and moral guide of the search of ?a better life?. The purpose of this study is to understand Aristotelian conception of justice via fundamental concepts of morality and politics, such as virtue, equality, freedom, truth, law, citizenship and state.

Politika ve ahlak felsefesi tarihinin en önemli kavramlarından biri adalet kavramıdır. Çünkü adalet hem insan-insan ilişkisinde ahlaki bir erdem olarak, hem de insan-toplum ilişkisinde politik bir erdem olarak ortaya çıkan bir kavramdır; bir meşruluk ölçütüdür.Aristoteles?in adalet kavrayışı, bu bakımdan özellikle önemlidir. Çünkü onun kavrayışı, pek çok bakımdan bu konudaki ilk tartışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Aristoteles adaleti bir yandan ahlaki diğer yandan politik bir erdem olarak ele almaktadır. Ahlaki bir erdem olarak adalet, tüm erdemleri kendisinde birleştiren bir üst erdemdir. Politik bir erdem olarak ise siyasal bir topluluğun temel direğidir. Aristoteles ahlaki bir erdem olarak adaleti yasalılık ve doğruluk (hakkaniyet) olarak iki bakımdan incelemekte; doğruluk olarak adaleti ise biri düzeltici diğeri dağıtıcı adalet olmak üzere ikiye ayırmaktadır. O, bu adalet türlerini eşitlik ve özgürlük kavramları ile ilişkileri bakımından değerlendirmektedir. Aristoteles ahlaki ve politik bir erdem olarak adaleti, Platon gibi aşkın bir ?İyi? ideasına değil, özgür yurttaşların eylemine referansla, politik toplumda tesis etmektedir. Çünkü ona göre adalet, olumsal-insansal dünyaya ait bir kavramdır ve tam da bu insansal dünyadan hareketle tesis edilebilir. Adalet erdemi, ?daha iyi bir hayat? arayışının ahlaki kılavuzu ve adil bir toplumu kuran ?ortak iyi? ya da ?ortak yarar? ilkesinin politik ifadesidir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, ahlak ve politikanın erdem, eşitlik, özgürlük, doğruluk, yasa, yurttaş ve devlet gibi temel kavramlarından hareketle, Aristoteles?in adalet kavramına yüklediği içerikleri ortaya koymak ve adaletin Aristotelesçi kavranılışını anlamaktır.

121

Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Philosophy, Felsefe, Aristotle, Justice, Felsefe A.B.D.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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