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Plaster Altars in the Anatolian Seljuks and Principalites Period

Anadolu Selçuklu ve Beylikler Dönemlerinde Alçı Mihraplar
Authors: ESKİCİ, Bekir;

Plaster Altars in the Anatolian Seljuks and Principalites Period

Abstract

Plaster mihrabs, which are encountered with their examples in the Islamic Art since the 9th century, developed and became widespread in the 11th-12th centuries and continued its existence as an important element of the architectural decoration.Mainly two different techniques, namely “carving” and “moulding”, are applied on the plaster mihrabs from Anatolian Seljuk Period.The mihrab of Hasankeyf Koç Mosque, Van Great Mosque, and Ankara Arslanhane Mosque are known unique examples that have “deep carving” type plaster workmanship. The fact that this art being very common in Islamic Art, and especially in Iran, and not being familiar to Anatolia confirms the thesis that these artefacts are made by nomadic Iranian masters.It draws attention that the examples of the apses that are made during Seljuk Period by moulding technique are accumulated especially in Konya and environs towards the end of the 13th century. It is seen on some apses from this period the plaster is used together with the tile.Making mihrab of plaster becomes common in the Period of Principalities (14th-15th centuries) especially in Marmara, Central and Western Anatolian Regions. The making and decoration techniques of these mihrabs are identical. The decoration on all of them is bas-relief, in accordance with moulding technique. Ankara that houses numerous examples beginning from the end of the 14th century is a remarkable centre for the plaster mihrabs of this period.

İslam sanatında 9. yüzyıldan itibaren örnekleriyle karşılaşılan alçı mihrablar, 11. - 12. yüzyıllarda gelişip yaygınlaşmış ve uzun süre mimari dekorasyonda önemli bir unsur olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Anadolu’da ise birkaç örnek dışında, 14. yüzyıldan itibaren gelişim göstermiştir. Anadolu Selçuklu dönemine ait alçı mihrablarda “oyma” ve “kalıplama” olmak üzere başlıca iki farklı teknik uygulanmıştır. Hasankeyf Koç Camii, Van Ulu Camii ve Ankara Arslanhane Camii mihrabları Anadolu’da “derin oyma” alçı işçiliğinin uygulandığı bilinen yegane örneklerdir. İslam sanatında ve özellikle de İran’da bu sanatın bu denli yaygın olmasına karşın Anadolu’ya yabancı kalışı, bu eserlerin İranlı gezici ustalar tarafından yapılmış oldukları savını güçlendirmektedir.Selçuklu döneminde kalıplama tekniği ile elde edilmiş mihrab örneklerinin özellikle 13. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Konya ve çevresinde yoğunluk kazandığı dikkati çekmektedir. Bu döneme ait bazı mihrablarda alçının çini ile birlikte kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Alçıdan mihrab yapımı Beylikler döneminde (14. – 15. yüzyıllarda) özellikle Marmara, İç ve Batı Anadolu bölgelerinde yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Bu mihrablarda yapım ve süsleme tekniği aynıdır. Hepsinde de kalıplama tekniğine uygun olarak süsleme alçak kabartmadır. 14. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren pek çok örneği bünyesinde barındıran Ankara ise bu dönemdeki alçı mihrablar için önemli bir merkez olarak dikkati çekmektedir.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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