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Ege bölgesi Rum Ortodoks kiliseleri

Authors: Erol, Arman Özgür;

Ege bölgesi Rum Ortodoks kiliseleri

Abstract

In the year of 1453 the Ottoman Empire congueredthe capital Constantinapolisended the reign of the Byzantium Empire. Byzantiums living in the Ottoman Empire after 1453 were given the name of `Rum`. They practised their beliefs in old Orthodox churches until the 18 th. Century. With the French Advelution in the 18 th. Century nationalism cathered momentum and in order to stop this the Ottoman Empire gave to dose who were not Muslims freer rights following this at the begining of the 18 th. Century. they were alloved to build new churches. The Rums in their areas started big building campaigins. In 1923 with the changing of the population the Rums living in Turkey moved to Greece. Today the churches left behind by the Rums are in a condition of falling apart those churces in Istanbul, because they are being usedare in good condition and some of those in Anatolia are being renovated. Our work consist of Orthodox churches build after 1 8th. Century hundred percent in the Aegen Region. Though Manisa, Uşak, Afyon, Kütahya and Denizliare within the said region, there are not buildings as such and have not been included in the thesis. Only those churches in İzmir, Balıkesir, Aydın and Muğla coonties have been included in our catalogue. We have also not included small chapels within the hentioned area in our catalogue. Among fortythree churches, twentyfour of them are single aisled church. In this type of plan, chapels generaly present. They were usualy roofed over with a barrel-vault. The building with the bazilical plan the we saw eleven of them are three aisled churc. There are three churches in Ayvalık which has cross-in-square plan. In all buldings the central dome, the arms of cross barrel vault, corner rooms are covered with cross vault. Exept these plans; in İzmir, Hagia Vukla Church. The greek cross plan have been seen. Menemen, Hagios Konstantinos Church had been build as a upside down `T` plan. Ayvalık, Hagios Georgios Church was build ina tripticon plan. Nave is rectangle and in direction of east- west in all buldings. Generaly the buldings have nartex that usualy stands in the west of building and in the direction of north-south. In the churches have got galery. the galery usually stands above nartex. A level of the bema in these churches always higher than the level of the nave and seperated from nave with iconostasis. None of them has a pastophory. The decorations in these buildings are strong, gypsum, fresco, wooden, mosaic. The Baroc decoration motifs of this period are in all decoration. In this churches walls are build in a rough mortaned rubble with very little brick and sometimes ashlar masonary. The churches we have studied dates between the beginning of the 18 th. to the beginning of 20 th. centuries. Althoughit was applied some Byzantine church plans for the edificies, used Baroc style for both their interior and exterior decorations.

1453 yılında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun başkent Constantinapolis'i ele geçirmesi ile Bizans İmparatorluğusona enniştir. 1453 'ten sonra Osmanlı İmparatorluğu' nda yaşayan Bizanslılara `Rum` adı verilmiştir. Bunlar Ortodoks inançlarını eski kiliselerinde 18. y.y.'a kadar sürdürmüşlerdir. 18.y.y.'da Fransız İhtilaliile yayılan milliyetçilik akımlannı önlemek isteyen Osmanlı İmparatorluğu müslüman olmayan topluluklara geniş haklar tanımaya başlar. Bununla birlikte 18. y.y.'ın başlarında yeni kilise kurmaları serbest bırakılan Rumlar, yerleşim yerlerinde hızlı bir inşaat faliyetine girişirler. 1923 yılında nüfus mübadelesiyle Türkiye'de yaşayan Rumlar Yunanistan'a göç etmişlerdir. Bugün Rumlardan geriye kalan kiliseler yıkılmak üzeredir. İstanbul'da yer alan kiliseler kullanıldıkları için daha iyi durumdadırlar. Anadoluda bazı kiliselerde restorasyon çalışmaları başlatılmıştır. Çalışmamız 18. y.y.'dan sonra inşa edilmiş Rum Ortodoks Kiliselerinden Ege Bölgesi içindekileri kapsamaktadır. Ege Bölgesi Manisa, Uşak, Afyon, Kütahya ve Denizli illerini de kapsamasına rağmen bu bölgelerde mevcut yapı bulunamadığı için tezde yer almamıştır. Sadece İzmir, Balıkesir, Aydın ve Muğla illerinde yer alan kiliseler içinde küçük boyutlu şapelleri de katalogumuza almadık. Tezimize aldığımız kırküç yapının plan tipi içinde, yirmi dört kilise tek neftidir. Bu plan tipinçoğunlukla şapeller yer alır. Üst örtü genellikle beşik tonozdur. Onbir kilisede gördüğümüz bazilikal planlı yapılarapsise dik üç nefiten oluşur. Sadece Ayvahk'da yer alan kapalı yunan haçı planlı yapılar üç tanedir. Tüm yapılarda orta kubbe, haç kollan beşik tonozjköşe odaları çapraz tonoz ile örtülüdür. Bu planlar dışında İzmir, Hagia Vukla Kilisesinde haç plan görülür. Menemen, Hagios Konstantinos Kilisesi ters `T` planlıdır. Ayvalık, Hagios Georgios Kilisesi ise tiriptikon planlıdır. Naos tüm yapılarda dikdörtgen şekilli ve doğu-batı yönündedir. Genellikle yapılarınnarteksleri vardır. Çoğunlukla yapıların batısında ve kuzey-güney yönündedir. Galeri katı genellikle narteksin üzerinde yer alır. Merkezi kiliselerde bulunan bema mekanları yüksektir ve ikonastasisle naostan ayrılır. Yapıların hiçbirinde ayrıca bir pastaforyum odası yoktur. Yapılarda görülen süslemeler taş, alçı, fresko, ahşap ve mozaik şeklindedir. Tüm süslemelerde dönemin barok süsleme motifleri kullanılmıştır. Kiliselerde malzeme olarak kabayonu taş ve yer yer tuğla parçalan ile kesme taş kullanılmıştır. İncelediğimiz yapılar 18.y.y. başından 20. y.y.'m başına tarihlenebilir. Bazı kiliselerin kitabeleride bu yıllar içindedir. Kiliselerde Bizanstan getirilen plan tipleri üzerine dönemin barok süslemeleri kullanılmıştır.

360

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Art History, Churchs, Bizans Sanatı A.B.D., Sanat Tarihi, Aegean region, Orthodox, Rums

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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