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Diagnóstico molecular de infecções fúngicas negligenciadas: criptococose e pitiose

Authors: Vasconcelos, Artur Bibiano de;

Diagnóstico molecular de infecções fúngicas negligenciadas: criptococose e pitiose

Abstract

As infecções fúngicas têm se expandido em todo o mundo e devido a dificuldades no diagnóstico e tratamento, tem acarretado grave ameaça a saúde de animais e humanos. A Organização Mundial da Saúde destacou recentemente o Complexo de espécies de Cryptococcus como agentes críticos de ameaça a saúde pública devido a expansão da infecção e resistência antifúngica. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a importância do diagnóstico rápido e preciso a fim de se estabelecer melhores opções de tratamento e consequente melhora no prognóstico. Da mesma forma a pitiose é uma doença endêmica no Brasil, porém, com informações epidemiológicas simples, como notificação de casos e possíveis área de risco, inexistentes, principalmente na região do Nordeste Brasileiro. Neste trabalho determinamos técnicas moleculares para detecção diferencial no diagnóstico da criptococose e pitiose. No capítulo 1 padronizamos a técnica de Multiplex-PCR a partir do gene PRP8 para diferenciação das espécies do complexo Cryptococcus. Nossa metodologia padronizada possibilitou diferenciar pelo padrão de bandas em eletroforese, resultantes de uma única reação de PCR, as espécies C. neoformans var. neoformans, C. neoformans var. grubii e C. gatti. No Capítulo 2 testamos a sensibilidade da técnica de Nested-PCR no diagnóstico de casos suspeitos de pitiose na região Nordeste do Brasil. Do total de casos suspeitos para pitiose recebidos, 80% foram positivos por Nested-PCR, enquanto apenas 20% foi positivo para cultivo microbiológico. Nossos resultados representam os primeiros registros de pitiose em diferentes estados nordestinos, além de obtermos o primeiro isolado clínico do Maranhão. Nos dois capítulos desse trabalho abordamos as técnicas de biologia molecular como promissoras no diagnóstico diferencial tanto da criptococose quanto da pitiose e o quanto essas ferramentas podem contribuir para melhora no prognóstico de animais afetados, bem como para fornecer dados epidemiológicos para melhor compreensão da distribuição dessas doenças.

Fungal infections have expanded worldwide and due to the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment have become a threat to the health of animals and humans. The World Health Organization has recently highlighted the Cryptococcus species complex as critical agents and threats to public health due to the expansion of infection and antifungal resistance. In this context, the importance of rapid and accurate diagnosis is highlighted in order to establish better treatment options and consequent improvement in prognosis. Similarly, pythiosis is an endemic infection in Brazil, but simple epidemiological information, such as case notification and possible risk areas, is lacking, especially in the Northeast region of Brazil. In this work, we determine molecular techniques for differential detection in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis and pythiosis. In chapter 1, we standardized the multiplex-PCR technique using the PRP8 gene to differentiate species of the Cryptococcus complex. Our standardized methodology allowed us to differentiate the species C. neoformans var. neoformans, C. neoformans var. grubii and C. gatti by the electrophoretic band pattern resulting from a single PCR reaction. In Chapter 2, we tested the sensitivity of the nested-PCR technique in the diagnosis of suspected cases of pythiosis in the Northeast region of Brazil. Of the total number of suspected cases for pythiasis received, 80% were positive by Nested-PCR, while only 20% were positive for microbiological culture. Our results represent the first records of pythiosis in different northeastern states, and we also obtained the first clinical isolate from Maranhão. In the two chapters of this paper, we discuss promising techniques for the differential diagnosis of both cryptococcosis and pythiosis, and how these techniques may for improving the prognosis of affected animals, as well as to provide epidemiological data for a better understanding of the distribution of these diseases.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

CAPES: 001

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Nordeste brasileiro, Reação em cadeia da polimerase multiplex, Cryptococcus, PRP8 gene, Criptococose, Pitiose, Biologia molecular

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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