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Alterações morfofuncionais nos melanomacrófagos hepáticos de peixes e anfíbios induzidas pelo contaminante benzo[a]pireno

Authors: Fanali, Lara Zácari;

Alterações morfofuncionais nos melanomacrófagos hepáticos de peixes e anfíbios induzidas pelo contaminante benzo[a]pireno

Abstract

Peixes e anfíbios estão vulneráveis a diversos poluentes. O benzo[a]pireno (BaP) é um contaminante com propriedades tóxicas. Metabolizado pela enzima P450 (CYP1A1), de fase I EROD (Etoxiresorufina-O-deetilase), produz subprodutos tóxicos. Conhecida como um inibidor da CYP1A1, α-naftoflavona (aNF) impede o metabolismo do BaP e a geração de metabólitos tóxicos. A aNF é um composto exógeno e não se tem conhecimento do efeito dela em órgãos e tecidos. O fígado é a maior fonte de enzimas catalizadoras de reações de biotransformação. A suscetibilidade do órgão a danos por agentes químicos é uma conseqüência de seu papel no metabolismo. Porém, animais desenvolveram mecanismos para detectar e responder a esses produtos químicos. Melanomacrófagos (MMs) hepáticos são células que contém melanina e que estão envolvidos nesse processo, devido a sua função de detoxificação. Dessa forma, nossos objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos do BaP e/ou aNF nos MMs e efeitos genotóxicos dos compostos. Os animais foram expostos a 2mg/kg de BaP e/ou 20mg/kg de aNF por 48 horas e 7 dias. Após os experimentos o fígado passou por procedimentos histológicos para quantificação da área de melanina dos MMs e fagocitose na microscopia de luz; microscopia de fluorescência para análise do citoesqueleto dos MMs; espectrofotometria para quantificar a atividade EROD e síntese de melanina dos MMs; e análise genotóxica dos eritrócitos. Em peixes, após 7d houve diminuição da área de melanina, devido a uma inibição do BaP na via melanogênica; agregação dos melanossomos por interferência nos filamentos de actina; e aumento da frequência de micronúcleo, pelo potencial genotóxico do composto. Nos anuros, em 48h, houve aumento da produção de melanina nos tratamentos com BaP, devido ao papel antioxidante da melanina; diminuição da fagocitose, por interferência nessa função; diminuição da síntese de melanina no grupo com BaP + aNF, causada pela toxicidade dos dois compostos; e diminuição das anormalidades eritrocitárias, pela permanência no sangue somente os eritrócitos menos danificados. Em 7d, não houve nenhuma alteração, pois, os organismos atingiram o limite de resposta aos xenobióticos, causado pelo longo período de exposição associado à alta dose dos compostos.

Fish and amphibians are vulnerable to various pollutants. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a contaminant with toxic properties. Metabolized by the enzyme P450 (CYP1A1) produces toxic byproducts. Known as a CYP1A1 inhibitor, α-naphtoflavone (aNF) prevents BaP metabolism and the generation of toxic metabolites. aNF is an exogenous compound and is not known for its effect on organs and tissues. The liver is the major source of catalyzing enzymes for biotransformation reactions. The susceptibility of the organ to damage by chemical agents is a consequence of its role in metabolism. However, animals have developed mechanisms to detect and respond to these chemicals. Melanomacrophages (MMs) are involved in this process due to their detoxification function. Thus, our objectives were to evaluate the effects of BaP and/or aNF on MMs and genotoxic effects of compounds. The animals were exposed to 2mg/kg BaP and/or 20mg/kg aNF for 48 hours and 7 days. After the experiments, the procedures for light microscopy, fluorescence, spectrophotometry and genotoxic analysis were followed. In fish, after 7d there was a decrease in melanin area, due to a inhibition of BaP in the melanogenic pathway; melanosome aggregation by interference in actin filaments; and increased frequency of micronucleus by the genotoxic potential of the compound. In anurans, at 48h, there was an increase in melanin production in BaP treatments, due to the antioxidant role of melanin; decreased phagocytosis by interfering with this function; decreased melanin synthesis in the BaP + aNF group, caused by the toxicity of both compounds; and reduction of abnormalities, by remaining in the blood only the least damaged erythrocytes. At 7d, there was no change, as the organisms have a maximum tolerance level of response to xenobiotics.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Processo FAPESP: 2017/07971-2

CAPES: 001

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Citoesqueleto, Genotoxicidade, Melanomacrófago, Morphological alteration, Melanomacrophages, Genotoxicity, Alteração morfológica, Cytoskeleton

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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