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Epidural lombar: estudo anatômico post mortem e clínico em cães submetidos à ovariohisterectomia.

Authors: Cima, Daniela Santilli;

Epidural lombar: estudo anatômico post mortem e clínico em cães submetidos à ovariohisterectomia.

Abstract

A anestesia epidural minimiza a dor perioperatória e melhora a recuperação pós- operatória em cães. Para comparar a dispersão de 0,2 mL/kg de bupivacaína 0,25% e iohexol via epidural lombar (L1-L2) guiada pela fluoroscopia entre cadáveres e cães vivos, realizou-se estudo anatômico com 10 cadáveres e 10 cadelas, incluídas no estudo clínico e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia, pesando de 5-15 kg e com escore corporal 4/5. As frequências cardíaca e respiratória, a pressão arterial sistólica e o consumo de fentanil transoperatório e os escores de sedação e dor e o consumo de analgésicos pós-operatórios foram comparados entre os cães submetidos à anestesia epidural lombar (n = 10) com aqueles tratados com 2 µg/kg de fentanil intravenoso antes da cirurgia (n = 10). Como resgate analgésico, administrou-se 0,5 mg/kg de morfina intramuscular. Um grupo submetido à epidural lombar (L1-L2) com bupivacaína 0,5% (n = 10), sem o emprego da fluoroscopia, foi incluído para avaliar a eficácia transoperatória do bloqueio. Em todos os grupos, quando a pressão arterial ou frequência cardíaca aumentaram 20% em relação aos valores pré-incisionais, administrou-se 1 µg/kg de fentanil intravenoso. Comparou-se dados paramétricos pelo teste t e os não paramétricos pelo teste Mann Whitney. As variáveis cardiorrespiratórias foram comparadas pela ANOVA seguida pelo teste de Bonferroni, o consumo de fentanil pelo teste Kruskal Wallis seguido pelo teste Tukey e os escores de dor e sedação ao longo do tempo pelo teste de Friedman seguido pelo teste Dunn. Considerou-se os resultados significativos quando p < 0,05. Os animais vivos tiveram uma dispersão epidural maior (17 ± 3 vértebras) que os cadáveres (11 ± 4 vértebras; p = 0,002). O consumo de fentanil foi de 0,6 ± 0,84, 1,3 ± 0,8 e 3,6 ± 1,3 µg/kg (p < 0,001) nos grupos epidural bupivacaína 0,5% e 0,25% e fentanil, respectivamente. Todas as cadelas tratadas com fentanil necessitaram de resgate analgésico pós- operatório, enquanto apenas uma submetida à epidural. Conclui-se que a dispersão de bupivacaína administrada via epidural entre L1-L2 é menor em cadáveres caninos que em animais vivos. A redução do consumo de fentanil transoperatório pela anestesia epidural lombar é concentração dependente e proporciona analgesia peri-operatória superior ao fentanil.

Epidural anesthesia minimizes perioperative pain and improves postoperative recovery in dogs. It is considered that epidural solution dispersion in cadavers is similar in living dogs. To compare the dispersion of 0.2 mL/kg 0.25% bupivacaine and iohexol via lumbar epidural (L1-L2) under fluoroscopic guidance between cadavers and live dogs, an anatomical study was performed with 10 cadavers and 10 female dogs in a clinical study, undergoing ovariohysterectomy, weighing 5-15 kg and a body score of 4/5. Transoperative heart and respiratory rates, systolic arterial blood pressure and fentanyl consumption, and postoperative sedation and pain scores, and analgesic consumption were compared between dogs treated with lumbar epidural anesthesia (n = 10) to those treated with 2 µg/kg of intravenous fentanyl before surgery (n = 10). As analgesic rescue, 0.5 mg/kg of intramuscular morphine was administered. Another group of epidural anesthesia (L1-L2) with 0.5% bupivacaine (n = 10) without fluoroscopic guidance was included to evaluate the transoperative efficacy of the blockade. In all groups, when blood pressure or heart rate increased by 20% over pre-incisional values, 1 µg/kg intravenous fentanyl was administered. Parametric data were compared by the t-test and non-parametric data by the Mann Whitney test. Cardiorespiratory variables were evaluated by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test, fentanyl consumption by the Kruskal Wallis followed by Tukey test, and pain and sedation scores over time by the Friedman's test followed by Dunn test. Results were considered significant when p < 0.05. Live dogs presented greater epidural dispersion (17 ± 3 vertebrae) than cadavers (11 ± 4 vertebrae; p = 0.002). Fentanyl consumption was 0.6 ± 0.84, 1.3 ± 0.8, and 3.6 ± 1.3 µg/kg (p < 0.001) in the 0.5% and 0.25% epidural bupivacaine and fentanyl groups, respectively. All dogs treated with fentanyl required postoperative analgesic rescue while only one dog which received an epidural. It is concluded that L1-L2 epidural bupivacaine dispersion is lower in canine cadavers than in live dogs. The reduction in transoperative fentanyl consumption through lumbar epidural anesthesia is concentration dependent and lumbar epidural anesthesia provides superior perioperative analgesia to fentanyl.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia - FMB

Projeto Temático Fapesp 2017/12815-0

CAPES:001

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Anestesia locorregional, Cães, Anestésico local, Anestesia epidural lombar, Dor, Analgesia, Neuroeixo, Anestesia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green