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Bioindicadores de ambientes aquáticos contaminados pelo inseticida clorpirifós

Authors: Marques, Márjori Brenda Leite;

Bioindicadores de ambientes aquáticos contaminados pelo inseticida clorpirifós

Abstract

O clorpirifós (O,O-dietil-O-3,5,6-tricloropiridin-2-piridinilfosforotioato), é um inseticida da classe dos organofosforados detectado em ambientes aquáticos e responsável por causar danos ao sistema nervoso dos animais. Objetivou-se avaliar a toxicidade aguda do inseticida clorpirifós para organismos de diferentes níveis tróficos: Lemna minor, Azolla caroliniana e Wolffia brasiliensis (produtores), Pomacea canaliculata e Macrobrachium acanthurus (consumidores primários), Xiphophorus maculatus e Hyphessobrycon eques (consumidores secundários). O trabalho buscou mensurar as variáveis de qualidade de água: pH, temperatura, condutividade elétrica e oxigênio dissolvido durante os ensaios, e verificar quais das espécies testadas pode ser o melhor bioindicador de contaminação de ambientes aquáticos para clorpirifós. Os ensaios agudos foram realizados de acordo com os procedimentos do Guideline for testing of chemicals – Lemna minor Growth Inhibition da OECD, adaptado para as macrófitas, e ABNT NBR 15088: 2016 para peixes, adaptado para caramujo e camarão. Os valores das concentrações de efeito, de inibição e letal estimadas (CE50, CI50 e CL50) foram calculadas pelo software Trimmed Spearman Karber. O clorpirifós foi considerado como praticamente não tóxico para as macrófitas Lemna minor, Azolla caroliniana e Wolffia brasiliensis, apresentando respectivamente a CI50 de 1299,6, 849,74 e 1271,63 mg. L-1 de clorpirifós. Para o caramujo P. canaliculata, o clorpirifós foi considerado como pouco tóxico, apresentando CE50 de 30,90 mg. L-1 de clorpirifós. A CL50 para os peixes Xiphophorus maculatus e Hyphessobrycon eques respectivamente foi de 0,07 e 1,65 mg. L-1 de clorpirifós, classificando-o como extremamente tóxico e moderadamente tóxico. Para M. acanthurus, a CL50 apresentada foi de 0,002 mg. L-1 de clorpirifós, classificando o produto como extremamente tóxico. O valor estimado da toxidade do clorpirifós para o M. acanthurus, está abaixo da concentração máxima permitida de clorpirifós nos padrões de qualidade de água para consumo humano (0,030 mg. L-1 de clorpirifós). Assim, o camarão M. acanthurus é melhor bioindicador de contaminação de ambientes aquáticos por clorpirifós. Ressalta-se a importância de haver limites para esse agrotóxico na Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 que sejam abaixo da concentração considerada tóxica para o camarão, visando à proteção das comunidades aquáticas.

Chlorpyrifos (O, O-diethyl-O-3,5,6 trichloropyridin-2-pyridinylphosphorothioate), is an insecticide of the class of organophosphates detected in aquatic environments and responsible for causing damage to the nervous system of animals. The objective was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the insecticide chlorpyrifos to organisms of different trophic levels: Lemna minor, Azolla caroliniana and Wolffia brasiliensis (producers), Pomacea canaliculata and Macrobrachium acanthurus (primary consumers), Xiphophorus maculatus and Hyphessobrycon eques (secondary consumers). The work sought to measure the variables of water quality: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen during the tests, and to verify which of the species tested may be the best bioindicator of contamination of aquatic environments for chlorpyrifos. The acute tests were carried out according to the procedures of the OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals - Lemna minor Growth Inhibition, adapted for macrophytes, and ABNT NBR 15088: 2016 for fish, adapted for snails and shrimp. The estimated effect, inhibition and lethal concentration values (EC50, CI50 and CL50) were calculated using the Trimmed Spearman Karber software. Chlorpyrifos was considered practically non-toxic to the macrophytes Lemna minor, Azolla caroliniana and Wolffia brasiliensis, respectively showing the IC50 of 1.299,6, 849,74 and 1271,63 mg. L-1 of chlorpyrifos. For the snail P. canaliculata, chlorpyrifos was considered to be low toxic, with EC50 of 30,90 mg. L-1 of chlorpyrifos. The LC50 for Xiphophorus maculatus and Hyphessobrycon eques, respectively, was 0,07 and 1,65 mg. L-1 of chlorpyrifos, classifying it as extremely toxic and moderately toxic. For M. acanthurus, the LC50 presented was 0,002 mg. L-1 of chlorpyrifos, classifying the product as extremely toxic. The estimated value of the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to M. acanthurus, is below the maximum permitted concentration of chlorpyrifos in water quality standards for human consumption (0,030 mg. L-1 of chlorpyrifos). Thus, the shrimp M. acanthurus is the best bioindicator of contamination of aquatic environments by chlorpyrifos. The importance of having limits for this pesticide in CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 that are below the concentration considered toxic for shrimp, in order to protect aquatic communities, is emphasized.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

CAPES: 001

Keywords

Peixes, Toxidade, Shrimp, Macrophytes, Organofosforados, Fish, Toxicity, Camarão, Organophosphorus, Macrófitas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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