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Contribuição dos astrócitos na leucoencefalite canina imunomediada causada pelo vírus da cinomose

Authors: De Nardo, Tatianna Frate Schwardt;

Contribuição dos astrócitos na leucoencefalite canina imunomediada causada pelo vírus da cinomose

Abstract

No sistema nervoso central (SNC) a homeostase é mantida pelo contato célula a célula e por meio da expressão de receptores de membrana em neurônios, que se ligam a microglia para mantê-la em estado quiescente. Os astrócitos também contribuem com este processo, além disso, eles exercem inúmeras funções para a manutenção da imunotolerância local. Em situação de injúria, os astrócitos podem apresentar um efeito deletério, pois ativam a resposta imune e os efeitos da neuroinflamação e podem contribuir para o agravamento dos sinais clínicos neurológicos. Na cinomose canina, enfermidade infecciosa que pode cursar com desmielinização e inflamação no SNC, acredita-se que além do vírus, o processo inflamatório contribua com as lesões na substância branca. Portanto, os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar o papel dos astrócitos na encefalite causada pelo vírus da cinomose, por meio da imunodetecção de MHC-II, linfócitos T CD3, MMP9, MIF e GFAP nas áreas de desmielinização do encéfalo, a fim de verificar se estes achados podem estar relacionados à extensão ou gravidade das lesões encefálicas. Para isso realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo do arquivo de blocos de parafina, onde utilizouse 21 blocos de encéfalos (cerebelo) de cães naturalmente infectados com o vírus da cinomose (grupo infectado), bem como, encéfalos de cinco animais livres de doenças sistêmicas ou que afetem o SNC (grupo controle). Na análise imunohistoquímica das amostras verificou-se marcação aumentada de GFAP, MHC-II, MMP9 e MIF nas áreas de desmielinização e no neuropilo adjacente, observada principalmente em astrócitos. A detecção de CD3 foi restrita aos manguitos perivasculares. Nas áreas de necrose liquefativa, as células Gitter foram positivas para MMP-9, MIF e MHC-II. Por esses fatos conclui-se que os astrócitos ativados influenciam no afluxo de linfócitos T para o encéfalo, resultando em leucoencefalite, que contribui para o agravamento da lesão viral nos cães do grupo infectado. Nas fases mais avançadas, os fagócitos ativados (células Gitter) nas áreas de necrose liquefativa continuam a produção de mediadores inflamatórios, mesmo após a morte dos astrócitos nestes locais, agravando as lesões encefálicas.

In the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis is maintained by cellto-cell contact and by the expression of membrane receptors on neurons, which bind to microglia to keep it in a quiescent state. Astrocytes also contribute to this process, in addition, they exert numerous functions for the maintenance of local immunotolerance. In a situation of injury, astrocytes may have a deleterious effect, since they activate the immune response and the effects of neuroinflammation and may contribute to the worsening of clinical neurological signs. In canine distemper, an infectious disease that can occur with demyelination and inflammation in the CNS, it is believed that in addition to the virus, the inflammatory process contributes to lesions in the white matter. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the role of astrocytes in encephalitis caused by the distemper virus, by immunodetection of MHC-II, CD3, MMP9, MIF and GFAP T lymphocytes in the areas of brain demyelination, in order to verify whether these findings may be related to the extent or severity of brain lesions. For this, a retrospective study of the paraffin block file was carried out, using 21 blocks of cerebellum from dogs naturally infected with the distemper virus (infected group), as well as the brains of five disease-free animals systemic or affecting the CNS (control group). In the immunohistochemical analysis of the samples, there was an increased marking of GFAP, MHC-II, MMP9 and MIF in the areas of demyelination and adjacent neuropil, observed mainly in astrocytes. CD3 detection was restricted to perivascular cuffs. In areas of liquefiable necrosis, Gitter cells were positive for MMP-9, MIF and MHC-II. By these facts it is concluded that the activated astrocytes influence the influx of T lymphocytes to the brain, resulting in leukoencephalitis, which contributes to the worsening of the viral lesion in dogs of the infected group. In the more advanced stages, activated phagocytes (Gitter cells) in the areas of liquefying necrosis continue the production of inflammatory mediators, even after the death of the astrocytes in these places, aggravating the brain lesions.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

141225/2016-5

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Cão, Vírus, Resposta imune, Neuroinflamação, Desmielinização

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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