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Técnicas de manipulação cromossômica no lambari (Astyanax altiparanae)

Authors: Nascimento, Nivaldo Ferreira do;

Técnicas de manipulação cromossômica no lambari (Astyanax altiparanae)

Abstract

O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar técnicas de manipulação cromossômica para obtenção de indivíduos tetraploides e ginogenéticos de lambari (Astyanax altiparanae). Para tetraploidização, foram aplicados diferentes choques de temperatura (40°C por 2 minutos) com 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 e 26 minutos pós-fertilização (mpf) para inibição da clivagem. A análise em citometria de fluxo mostrou que o choque aplicado com 26 mpf garantiu a maior porcentagem de tetraploides (94,55%), sendo os resultados também confirmados por esfregaço sanguíneo e cariotipagem. Para indução de ginogenéticos foi primeiramente avaliada diferentes doses de irradiação UV (40, 80 e 120 mj/cm2) para inativação dos espermatozoides, sendo verificado que a dose de 80 mj/cm2 foi suficiente para assegurar a ativação dos oócitos e obtenção de larvas 100% haploides. Posteriormente, para restaurar a diploidia foi aplicado choque de temperatura (40°C por 2 minutos) para evitar a liberação do segundo corpúsculo polar. A análise molecular confirmou que os peixes ginogenéticos apresentam herança exclusivamente materna e apresentam número de cromossomos idêntico ao grupo controle. Em relação a razão sexual, a grande quantidade de fêmeas obtidas sugere que o sistema genético de determinação sexual seja homogamético para fêmeas (XX; XY). Este foi o primeiro protocolo de ginogênese em uma espécie da região Neotropical e primeiro de tetraploidização em uma espécie da família Characidae. Portanto, os resultados são inovadores e poderão ser aplicados em futuros estudos de manipulação cromossômica em espécies nativas.

The aim of this study was to apply techniques of chromosome set manipulation to obtain gynogenetic and tetraploid individuals in lambari (Astyanax altiparanae). For tetraploidization, it was applied different temperature shocks (40°C for 2 min) at 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 minutes post-fertilization (mpf) to inhibit the cleavage. The flow cytometric analysis showed that heat shock applied at 26 mpf enabled the highest percentage of tetraploids (94.55%), which were also confirmed by nuclear diameter of erythrocytes and chromosome counting. For gynogenetic induction, first it was evaluated the best UV-dosage for inactivation of sperm DNA (40, 80 and 120 mj/cm2) and it was verified that the dosage of 80 mj/cm2 ensure oocyte activation and 100% haploid larvae. Afterwards, to restore the diploidy it was applied a temperature shock (40° for 2 min) to avoid the extrusion of the 2nd polar body. The molecular biology confirmed that that gynogenetic fish present exclusive maternal inheritance e also showed the same number of chromosomes of the control group. Sex ratio showed increased amount of females, which suggest that the genetic system of sexual determination are homogametic for females (XX; XY). This is the first protocol of gynogenesis in a species of the Neotropical region and the first tetraploidizaiton in a species of the family Characidae. Therefore, the results are innovative and could be applied in future studies of chromosome set manipulation in native species.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

CAPES - Código de Financiamento 001

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Processo FAPESP 2016/12383-0

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Aquicultura, Ginogênese, Tetraploidia, Poliploidia, Biotecnologia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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