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Reprodução no gênero Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae)

Authors: Barros, Verônica Alberto;

Reprodução no gênero Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae)

Abstract

Reproduction is essential for the perpetuation of any species. That is why it is a central theme for studies on the biology of any organism. Here, I present new data on several aspects of reproduction for Bothrops species, including B. cotiara, B. alternatus, B. pubescens, B. diporus, B. mattogrossensis, B. neuwiedi and B. pauloensis. The characterization of reproductive events such as gametogenesis, sperm storage, formation of mating plugs and activity of the sexual segment of the kidneys (SSK) is provided. I also describe the presence of sperm inside the SSK for the first time in a snake species and intersexuality in B. moojeni and B. erythromelas. I evaluated the influence of environmental factors and phylogenetic inertia in the determination of reproductive events in these snakes by (1) a comparison of the timing of reproductive events between species which indicates that both factors may be important, (2) ancestral character state reconstructions showing a strong phylogenetic conservatism in sexual dimorphism with females being the larger sex and high variability in sexual maturity between species, (3) statistical analysis indicating that male reproductive variables do not vary according to temperature and rain in B. pubescens. Although there are many observations of reproductive events outside the expected periods for Bothrops species (mainly for timing of ovulation, pregnancy and sperm storage strategies), reports of mating and births are concentrated in autumn and summer, respectively, showing that although phylogenetic inertia has a high influence on the conserved timing of these reproductive events in Bothrops, environmental factors may also play a role in the plasticity observed in some species and individuals.

A reprodução é essencial para a perpetuação das espécies e por esta razão este é um tema central no estudo da biologia de qualquer animal. Nesta tese apresento dados inéditos sobre diversos aspectos reprodutivos de algumas espécies de jararacas, incluindo B. cotiara, B. alternatus, B. pubescens, B. diporus, B. mattogrossensis, B. neuwiedi e B. pauloensis. Além da caracterização de eventos reprodutivos como produção de gametas, estocagem de esperma e formação de plugs copulatórios, também descrevo pela primeira vez em serpentes a presença de esperma no segmento sexual renal de B. pubescens e a intersexualidade em B. moojeni e B. erythromelas. A influência dos fatores ambientais e da inércia filogenética sobre a determinação dos padrões reprodutivos nestas serpentes foi avaliada por meio de (1) comparações entre a época de ocorrência dos eventos reprodutivos entre as diferentes espécies que indicaram a influência de ambos os fatores; (2) reconstruções de caráter ancestral que apontaram para um forte conservatismo filogenético em relação ao dimorfismo sexual e alta variabilidade em relação ao padrão de maturidade sexual; (3) análises estatísticas cujos resultados indicam que não há relação entre o aumento de parâmetros como temperatura e pluviosidade e o ciclo dos machos de B. pubescens, espécie utilizada como modelo. Embora a predominância de eventos de acasalamento durante o outono e nascimentos no verão indique um forte componente filogenético na determinação dos eventos reprodutivos desse gênero, os fatores ambientais podem influenciar a existência de variação interespecífica especialmente em relação à plasticidade das épocas de ovulação, prenhez e das estratégias de estocagem de esperma.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Processo FAPESP: 2012/15037-4

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Ductus deferens, Ducto deferente, Mating plugs, Intersexualidade, Sperm storage, Segmento sexual renal, Plugs copulatórios, Ciclos reprodutivos, Sexual segment of the kidneys, Estocagem de esperma, Reproductive cycles, Espermatogênese, Spermatogenesis, Intersexuality

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green