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Perfil enzimático e potencial biotecnológico de fungos isolados de jardins das formigas cortadeiras

Authors: Costa, Rafael Rodrigues da;

Perfil enzimático e potencial biotecnológico de fungos isolados de jardins das formigas cortadeiras

Abstract

Leaf-cutting ants harbor in their nests a complex microbial consortium. These insects maintain a mutualistic interaction with fungi cultured for food. In addition to the fungal partner, alien fungi are also present in leafcutter nests, but little is known about the ecological role they play in the interaction. From a pool of 235 fungal isolates kept at the UNESP-Microbial Resource Center, we characterize the enzymatic profile of these microorganisms derived from nests of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (dicot-cutting ant) and Atta capiguara (grass-cutting ant). An adapted high-throughput screening approach was used to assess the production of cellulase, pectate lyase, polygalacturonase and xylanase. Regarding the total number of isolates, 94% (n = 220) were positive for at least one of the tested enzymes. Cellulase, polymetylgalacturonase, polygalacturonase and xylanase were produced by 72, 71, 53 and 33% of the total isolates, respectively. No fungi produced amylase. According to the correspondence analysis, isolates belonging to A. sexdens rubropilosa and A. capiguara nests had an enzymatic profile related to the production of polymetylgalacturonase and xylanases, respectively. Such difference is likely related to the type of plant substrate used by the ants to nourish their fungal cultivar. The fungi Penicillium citrinum and Fusarium solani were selected among the 235 isolates and used in growth assays of the ant cultivar. When the mutualistic fungus was grown in the hydrolysis products of plant polysaccharides generated by P. citrinum and F. solani, we observed a significant growth of the ant fungus in the hydrolysis products of carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. Such results support the hypothesis that microorganisms found in nests of leaf-cutting ants may assist in the degradation of the plant material present in the nest, with consequent release of nutrients to the fungal mutualist. In addition to the ecological approach, this study also ...

As formigas cortadeiras abrigam em seus ninhos uma complexa comunidade microbiana. Esses insetos mantêm um mutualismo com fungos, os quais servem como alimento para a colônia. Além do parceiro fúngico, outros fungos também estão presentes nos ninhos das formigas cortadeiras, porém, pouco se conhece a respeito do papel ecológico que desempenham na associação. A partir de uma coleção de 235 isolados de fungos mantidos na Central de Recursos Microbianos da UNESP, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil enzimático desses microorganismos, os quais foram obtidos de ninhos de Atta sexdens rubropilosa (cortadeira de dicotiledônea) e Atta capiguara (cortadeira de monocotiledônea). Uma técnica de triagem enzimática de alto desempenho foi adaptada neste trabalho para realizar a análise simultânea de isolados produtores de amilase, celulase, polimetilgalacturonase, poligalacturonase e xilanase. Do total de isolados, 94% (n= 220) foram produtores de pelo menos uma das enzimas avaliadas. As proporções de isolados produtores de celulase, polimetilgalacturonase, xilanase e poligalacturonase foram de 72, 71, 53 e 33%, respectivamente. Nenhum isolado produziu amilase. Segundo a análise de correspondência, os isolados provenientes de ninhos de A. sexdens rubropilosa e de A. capiguara apresentaram um perfil enzimático relacionado com a produção de poligalacturonases e xilanases, respectivamente. Essa diferença está intimamente relacionada ao tipo de substrato vegetal utilizado pelas formigas para cultivar o fungo mutualista. Os fungos Penicillium citrinum e Fusarium solani foram selecionados dentre os 235 isolados, para serem utilizados em ensaios de crescimento do fungo das formigas. Quando o fungo mutualista foi cultivado na presença dos produtos de hidrólise de polissacarídeos vegetais gerados por P. citrinum e F. solani, foi observado um crescimento significativo do fungo das formigas nos produtos de hidrólise...

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Formiga-cortadeira, Enzimas, Ants, Substratos, Simbiose, Fungos, Formiga

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green