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Geoprocessamento e computação inteligente: possibilidades, vantagens e necessidades.

Authors: Pereira, Carlos José de Almeida;

Geoprocessamento e computação inteligente: possibilidades, vantagens e necessidades.

Abstract

As técnicas de análise de dados e de busca de soluções fornecidas pela Computação Inteligente tiveram, nos últimos tempos, um grande avanço em seu desenvolvimento. Essas técnicas têm sido utilizadas com eficácia e eficiência no tratamento de problemas complexos e/ou que possuam uma grande quantidade de dados a serem processados. A integração destas técnicas com as ferramentas computacionais de produção e análise de informações geográficas (Geoprocessamento) é, portanto, muito vantajosa, especialmente com relação à grande quantidade de dados geralmente envolvida nas questões de natureza espacial. Este trabalho apresenta dois exemplos de uso de técnicas de Computação Inteligente em procedimentos de produção e análise de informações geográficas: um Sistema de Raciocínio Nebuloso (baseado na Lógica Nebulosa) para a construção de um mapa de fertilidade de solos, e uma Rede Neural Artificial para a identificação de agrupamentos espaciais em dados sócio-econômicos. Os dois exemplos foram conduzidos utilizando-se um software especialmente construído para esta finalidade, denominado GAIA – Geoprocessamento Apoiado por Inteligência Artificial –, e que doravante está disponível como Software Livre para qualquer pesquisador interessado em utilizar estas ferramentas. O estudo conclui que o uso das técnicas provenientes da computação inteligente, em comparação com técnicas tradicionais de análise de dados, contribuiu para um aumento da qualidade dos resultados obtidos.

Data analysis and problem solving techniques supplied by Soft Computing have had, lately, a great advance in their development. These techniques have been used with effectiveness and efficiency to deal with complex problems and/or problems that have too much data to be processed. The integration of such techniques with the tools for computational geographic information analysis (Geocomputation) is therefore very advantageous, especially in relation to the great quantity of data normally involved in spatial matters. This study presents two examples on how to use Soft Computing techniques in conjunction with geographic information analysis procedures: a Fuzzy Reasoning System (based on Fuzzy Logic) to build a soil fertility map, and an Artificial Neural Network to identify spatial clusters in socioeconomic data. Both examples were conducted using a software specifically developed towards this objective, called GAIA - Artificial Intelligence Supported Geocomputation, from now on available as a Free Software to any interested researcher. The study arrives at the conclusion that the use of soft computing techniques, as compared to classical procedures, leads to an increased quality on the final results.

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Fuzzy logic, Artificial neural networks, Redes neurais (Computação), Lógica difusa, Computação inteligente, Geografia – Programas de computador, Inteligência artificial, Lógica nebulosa

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green