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La transacción tributaria en el escenario de los ordenamientos jurídicos español y brasileño: viabilidad constitucional y reflejos en la conflictividad

Authors: Rocha Brandão, Luiz Mathias;

La transacción tributaria en el escenario de los ordenamientos jurídicos español y brasileño: viabilidad constitucional y reflejos en la conflictividad

Abstract

En el marco de un Estado Democrático de Derecho, como el vigente en Brasil y España, el incremento del número de conflictos en el ámbito de la tributación refleja la necesidad de plantear la práctica de nuevos instrumentos de prevención y resolución orientados a la búsqueda del consenso de los sujetos que forman parte de la relación tributaria, sobre todo desde el momento que se percibe un agotamiento de los mecanismos ordinarios de pacificación. Sin embargo, introducir técnicas consensuales en el contexto de la actividad tributaria implica superar ciertos paradigmas vinculados con una concepción positivista clásica del derecho. Con el objetivo de ampliar los horizontes conceptuales y adoptar una postura menos beligerante en el contexto de la tributación, debemos preguntarnos: ¿la introducción de la transacción en la tributación es compatible con los principios de legalidad, igualdad, indisponibilidad tributaria y tutela judicial efectiva? En la presente investigación académica, aunque no tengamos la pretensión de agotar la totalidad de las derivaciones que eventualmente pueda suscitar el tema, intentamos contestar dicha pregunta, utilizando como contexto de investigación los sistemas jurídicos de Brasil y España y adoptando una perspectiva transdisciplinar con la finalidad de lograr una aproximación de las concepciones de derecho y justicia fiscal en las situaciones prácticas en que el legislador opta por transferir potestades más amplias al aplicador de la norma para superar la incapacidad de transcribir en el texto legal detalladamente todos los hechos que la norma tributaria abarca en su juridicidad. De hecho, en la actualidad, es cada vez más frecuente la presencia de conceptos jurídicos indeterminados en la legislación tributaria. También es cada vez más frecuente que la ley permita, dentro de ciertos límites previamente estipulados, la práctica de actos administrativos discrecionales, los cuales autorizan que los agentes públicos actúen con un cierto margen de apreciación libre con fundamento en factores que reflejen la conveniencia y la oportunidad necesarias para la consecución del interés público involucrado. Es precisamente en estas dos técnicas legislativas donde situaremos el análisis de la viabilidad jurídico-constitucional de la transacción en el contexto de la tributación. Para poner de relieve la importancia práctica de la presente investigación, centraremos su objeto en las particularidades normativas ya practicadas en los ordenamientos jurídicos de los dos países mencionados, de modo que se formularán opiniones críticas y propuestas constructivas con el reto de poner de relieve la verdadera finalidad del derecho tributario: la pacificación social a través de la justicia fiscal.

Considering the scenario of the Democratic State of Law, like Brazil and Spain, the increase of the number of conflicts in the scope of Taxation reflects the need for the completion of the present mechanism of judicial resolution of taxation with instruments of prevention and more effective resolution turned to the consensus of the parts involved. However, to introduce consensual techniques in the context of taxation techniques implies overcoming some paradigms which might be found when we adopt a classic positive concept of Law. When attempting to broaden a less belligerent posture in the context of administrative activity, we might ask: Is the introduction of consensual techniques in taxation compatible with the principles of legality, equality and unavailability of taxation credit and the effective judicial protection? In the present investigation, though we don’t aim at exhausting the totality of derivations aroused by the theme, we attempted to provide a solution to the mentioned problems by using as an environment of research the judicial environment of Brazil and Spain and by aiming at an interdisciplinary sense so as to reach a link with Justice, mainly the phatic situations in which the legislator uses the mechanisms of indirect potestative transferences to overcome the real impossibility of legislating in details all the facts liable of being the object of taxation. Nowadays it is more and more frequent the presence of undetermined judicial concepts in the legislation. Besides, it happens more and more frequently for the law to permit the public agents to act with a certain margin of administrative discretion, so as to meet factors of convenience and opportunity which must be guided by public interest. It is precisely on these two mechanisms or legislative techniques that we place the possible insertion of tributary transaction in the context of Taxation. In order to point out the practical importance of the institution of taxation transaction, we will centralize the purpose of our research on the ones already existing in these two countries, by pointing out the fact that the increase in the number of taxation conflicts is closely linked to the present crisis of inefficiency of the functions individually assumed by the State, thus being indispensable the adoption of new attitudes towards the performance of public fiscal interest. Thus, criticism and constructive propositions will be made for the use of taxation transaction so as to point out the true and essential purpose of the existence of taxation law itself: the social pacification through the fiscal justice.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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