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Interés toxicológico de las microcistinas

Authors: Moreno Navarro, Isabel María; Repetto Kuhn, Guillermo; Cameán Fernández, Ana María;

Interés toxicológico de las microcistinas

Abstract

Las Microcistinas (MCs) son toxinas de estructura heptapeptídica producidas por floraciones de cianobacterias tóxicas de aguas superficiales eutróficas. Las MCs al igual que la nodularina son hepatotóxicas en humanos, aunque también dan lugar a alteraciones gastrointestinales, reacciones alérgicas o irritación y sintomatología similar a la neumonía. El principal riesgo tóxico deriva de su actividad promotora tumoral, y capacidad genotóxica. Diversos estudios epidemiológicos sugieren una mayor incidencia de cáncer de hígado en zonas cuya población está expuesta de forma prolongada a MCs, por consumo de aguas de bebida contaminadas, advirtiéndose la necesidad de conocer otras posibles fuentes de exposición humana, tales como alimentos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha adoptado (WHO, 1998) un valor guía provisional de 1,0 μg/L de MCLR en aguas de bebida, comprendiendo tanto las MCs intra como las extracelulares. En la Reglamentación técnico-sanitaria vigente en España para el abastecimiento y control de la calidad de las aguas potables de consumo público (RD 1138/1990 de 14 de Septiembre) no se hace referencia a la determinación y control de MCs; sin embargo en el nuevo proyecto de reglamentación, anexo D, que hace referencia a las sustancias tóxicas, se fija una concentración máxima admisible de MCs de 1 μg/L en el caso de aguas eutróficas. En esta revisión se consideran los efectos tóxicos agudos, crónicos y el mecanismo de acción de las Microcistinas.

Microcystins (MCs) are toxins of heptapeptidic structure produced by the bloom of toxic cyanobacteria in surface eutrophic waters. MCs, just like nodularine, are hepatotoxic in humans, but they also cause gastrointestinal alterations, allergic reactions, irritation and neumonia-like symptomatology. The main toxic risk derives from their tumor-promoting activity and genotoxic capacities. Several epidemiological studies suggest an increased incidence of liver cancer in populations chronically exposed to MCs. The main source is contaminated drinking water, but other sources of human exposure, such as food, should be investigated. The World Health Organization adopted (WHO, 1998) a provisional guide value of 1,0 μg/L of MC-LR in drinking water, including intra- and extracellular MCs. In the present Spanish legislation regarding quality control of drinking water (RD 1138/1990 of 14 September), the determination and control of MCs are not included; however, in the draft of the new legislation, annex D, concerning toxic chemicals, a maximum tolerable concentration of 1 μg/L is fixed for MCs in eutrophic waters. Acute and chronic effects and the mechanism of action of MCs are considered in this review.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Microcistinas, Microcystins, Toxic effects, Mecanismo de acción, Cianobacterias, Mechanism of action, Efectos tóxicos, Cyanobacteria

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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