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Dispositivo y aplicación móvil de medida del nivel de potasio en sangre a través del procesamiento del ECG para el tratamiento de la hipokalemia

Authors: Agulló Ocampos, Jerónimo Jesús;

Dispositivo y aplicación móvil de medida del nivel de potasio en sangre a través del procesamiento del ECG para el tratamiento de la hipokalemia

Abstract

La hipokalemia es la deficiencia continua o transitoria del nivel de potasio sérico. Se trata de la enfermedad más común de todos los desórdenes electrolíticos existentes, provocando desde malestar general hasta problemas cardíacos que pueden derivar en la muerte de l paciente. Sin embargo, es una enfermedad difícil de detectar. El presente proyecto propone un dispositivo electrónico y portable que a fin de poder usarse de manera continua, tiene un tamaño de 91x73x48 mm y cuenta con una autonomía de varios días . El d ispositivo electrónico es capaz de detectar episodios de hipokalemia mediante un método libre de sangre. Dicho método se basa en la relación del potasio, electrolito básico del cuerpo humano, y la morfología de la curva T del electrocardiograma (ECG). Una deficiencia de potasio resulta en una disminución de la pendiente de la curva T. El dispositivo muestrea , amplifica y filtra las señales cardíacas a través de tres electrodos, consiguiendo una señal semejante a la derivación II del electrocardiograma están dar. Este ECG, que expresa con gran claridad la curva T, es enviado a través del protocolo de bluetooth de baja energía (BLE) al Smartphone del paciente. Todos los cálculos son realizados en el Smartphone , aprovechando su gran capacidad de cálculo y alarga ndo la autonomía del dispositivo portable Ante un episodio de hipokalemia, el Smartphone activa una alarma. De este modo, el paciente puede tomar un complemento que aumente su nivel de potasio sérico y los servicios sanitarios pueden estar en aviso ante u na emergencia. Para el tratamiento del ECG se ha realizado una aplicación Android , la cual permite la conexión con el dispositivo portable y el envío de los datos. Cuando l os datos son recibidos, la aplicación los trata, grafica y guarda en ficheros de tex to en tiempo real. La aplicación cuenta con un menú que permite la recolección de nuevos datos, listar y graficar los datos ya existentes y añadir el nombre del paciente y una descripción a cada medida realizada. Finalmente , se ha realizado un script en Ma tlab que permite verificar el correcto funcionamiento del algoritmo de detección de los valores del pico y del final de la curva T del ECG. Dicho script permite la calibraci ón del dispositivo a través del método de los mínimos cuadrados entre los valores d e potasio sérico obtenidos con el dispositivo y el valor rea l medido en un hospital

The hypokalemia is the continuous or momentary lake of the level of serum potassium. It is the most common electrolyte disorder resulting from gen eral malaise to cardiac diseases, which can derive in the patient’s death. Nevertheless, it is a complicated disease to detect. In this work, a n electronic and portable device with a size of 91x73x48 mm and an autonomy of several days was developed . The el ectronic device detects episodes of hypokalemia using a blood free method. T his method is based on the ratio of potassium, which is the basic electrolyte of the human body, and the morphology of the T curve of the electrocardiogram (ECG). A potassium defic iency results in a decrease in the slope of the T curve. The device samples, amplifies and filters the cardiac signals through three electrodes, obtaining a signal similar to lead II of the standard electrocardiogram. This ECG, which expresses the T curve with great clarity, is sent through the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) protocol to the patient's Smartphone. All calculations are performed on the Smartphone, taking advantage of its great calculation capacity and extending the autonomy of the portable device. Before an episode of hypokalemia, the Smartphone activates an alarm. In this way, the patient can take a supplement that increases their serum potassium level and the health services can be on alert in case of an emergency. For the treatment of the ECG ha s been developed a n Android application , which allows the connection with the portable device and the sending of the sample data. When the data is received, the application processes it, graphs and saves it in real time text files. The application has a me nu that allows the collection of new data, list and graph the existing data and add the patient's name and a description to each taken measurement. Finally, a MATLAB script has been carried out that verifies the correct functionality of the algorithm for d etecting the values of the peak and the end of the T curve of the ECG. This script allows the calibration of the device through the method of least squares between the values of serum potassium obtained with the device and the actual value measured in a hospital.

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica, Robótica y Mecatrónica

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Spain
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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