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Modelado, simulación y control de un sistema de seguimiento de trayectorias para UAVs

Authors: Aguilera Albendín, Antonio José;

Modelado, simulación y control de un sistema de seguimiento de trayectorias para UAVs

Abstract

Los drones o UAVs tienen un gran potencial en áreas muy diversas, ya que pueden desplazarse rápidamente sobre un terreno irregular o accidentado y superar cualquier tipo de obstáculo ofreciendo imágenes a vista de pájaro y otro tipo de información recogida por diferentes sensores. Su utilización ha crecido exponencialemnte durante los último años debido a la gran cantidad de aplicaciones donde pueden ser muy útiles: búsqueda de personas desaparecidas, fotografía, video y cartografía aérea, prevención y control de incendios, agricultura, medio ambiente, construcción e inspecciones, control y análisis de multitudes, exploración de lugares de díficil acceso, etc. Al tratarse de aeronaves autónomas es necesario dotarlas de un sistema de misión que se encargue de implementar la lógica necesaria para poder realizar la misión deseada. En la literatura podemos encontrar numerosas técnicas de control y guiado para un UAV: control mediante bucle cerrado (PID), control predictivo (MPC), neural network guidance, métodos de control y guiado directos, etc, teniendo cada uno sus ventajas e inconvenientes. En este proyecto se ha hecho uso del control PID debido a su buen funcionamiento y amplio uso en la industria. Además, debido a que el objetivo del proyecto no reside en la optimización de trayectorias, el control PID permite el guiado del UAV sin un alto gasto computacional. En el proyecto desarrollado se modela el UAV X8 Skywalker, con configuración de ala volante. El modelo matemático utilizado para realizar la simulación consiste en un método dinámico no lineal que describe el comportamiento del UAV de la manera más realista posible. Se le dotará de un sistema de misión, basado en control mediante bucle cerrado, y diversos sensores útiles para diferentes tipos de aplicaciones. Una vez implementado el sistema que modela el UAV X8 Skywalker se realizarán diversas simulaciones para estudiar el funcionamiento del sistema de misión implementado y su respuesta frente a perturbaciones atmosféricas. Además se mostrará cómo realizar la implementación con el simulador de vuelo FlightGear, software de código libre que permite ver en tiempo real la actuación de la aeronave durante la simulación.

Drones or UAVs have great potential in very diverse areas, as they can move quickly over uneven or rugged terrain and overcome any obstacle offering bird’s eye view and other information collected by different sensors. Its use has grown exponentially in recent years due to the large number of applications where they can be very useful: search for missing persons, photography, video and aerial mapping, prevention and control of fires, agriculture, environment, construction and inspections, control and analysis of crowds, exploration of places of difficult access, etc. As autonomous aircrafts, it is necessary to provide them with a mission system that is responsible for implementing the logic necessary to carry out the desired mission. In the literature we can find many control and guidance techniques for an UAV: closed loop control (PID), predictive control (MPC), neural network guidance, direct control and guidance methods, etc., each having its advantages and disadvantages. In this project, PID control has been used due to its good operation and wide use in the industry. In addition, because the objective of the project does not reside in the trajectory optimization, the PID control allows the UAV to be guided without a high computational expense. In the developed project, the UAV X8 Skywalker is modeled, with flying wing configuration. The mathematical model used to perform the simulation consists of a nonlinear dynamic method that describes the behavior of the UAV in the most realistic way possible. It will be equipped with a mission system, based on closed loop control, and various sensors useful for different types of applications. Once the system that models the UAV X8 Skywalker is implemented, several simulations will be carried out to study the operation of the implemented mission system and its response to atmospheric disturbances. It will also show how to perform the implementation with the flight simulator FlightGear, free code software that allows to see in real time the performance of the aircraft during the simulation.

Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Ingeniería Aeronáutica

Country
Spain
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green