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Análisis de riesgos naturales a partir de infraestructuras de datos espaciales

Authors: Fernández, Tomás; Delgado, Jorge; Cardenal, F. Javier; Jiménez, Jorge; el Hamdouni, Rachid; Irigaray, Clemente; Chacón, José;

Análisis de riesgos naturales a partir de infraestructuras de datos espaciales

Abstract

El análisis de riesgos naturales se basa en la superposición de capas de información de distinta procedencia que dan lugar a mapas o modelos de distinto nivel (susceptibilidad, peligrosidad, exposición, vulnerabilidad o riesgo), dependiendo de los datos utilizados o disponibles. Así, los análisis de riesgos naturales experimentaron un importante desarrollo con la aparición y la generalización del uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Por ello, las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales como ampliación del concepto de SIG suponen un nuevo empujón en el análisis de riesgos en varios sentidos, como la propia disponibilidad de los datos en la red, la generación de capas de información ambiental por el impulso de directivas como INSPIRE o las IDE nacionales y la presencia de metadatos que permiten informar a su vez de la calidad de los datos de partida y garantizar la fiabilidad de los análisis. En este trabajo se discuten estas cuestiones y se examina la posibilidad de hacer mapas de riesgo a partir de los datos existentes en las distintas IDE y bases de datos disponibles en la red (IDE-E, Catastro, IDE-CCAA, IGME, REDIAM, AEM, INE, etc.). La conclusión preliminar es que en España existen una buena variedad y calidad de datos básicos y temáticos relacionados con los riesgos naturales; sin embargo, la mayor parte de los mismos se encuentra en servicios WMS, haciéndose necesario una mayor disponibilidad de datos en servicios WFS y WCS para abordar con garantías estos análisis.

Natural hazard and risks analyses are based in the overlapping of geographical information layers to produce different level maps (susceptibility, hazard, elements at risk, vulnerability and risk), depending on the used or available data. In this way, natural hazard analyses had got a great development with the rise and use of Geographical Information Systems. Because of it, Spatial Data Infrastructures, as an extended concept of GIS, are a new step in natural hazard analyses in various ways, such as the availability of web data, the production of environmental information layers by means of INSPIRE initiative and national IDEs and the presence of metadata, to inform of data quality and analysis reliability. In this work, we discuss these questions and we study the possibility to make natural risk maps from SDI and web databases (Spanish SDI, Cadastral, Regional Governments, Geological Institute, Andalousian Environmental Network, Meteorological Agency and Statistical Institute SDI). The first conclusion is the variety and quality of basic and thematic data related to natural hazards in Spain; however, most of them are in web map services (WMS, being necessary to have data in web files and web cobertures services (WFS and WCS) to make the analysis with a great guarantee.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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