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Efectos del fuego en las propiedades biológicas, físicas y químicas del suelo

Authors: Celis, Reyes de; Jordán López, Antonio; Martínez Zavala, Lorena María; Bento-Gonçalves, A. (Coordinador); Vieira, A. (Coordinador);

Efectos del fuego en las propiedades biológicas, físicas y químicas del suelo

Abstract

Los incendios forestales pueden producir varios cam bios a corto y largo plazo en el paisaje y en el sistema suelo. La magnitud de estos cambios inducidos por el fuego en los componentes de los ecosistemas (agua, suelo, vegetación y fauna) depende de factores intrínsecos ( la intensidad del fuego y la gravedad ) y extrínsecos ( vegetación, suelos , geomorfología , etc.) Los impa ctos más importantes de los suelos en el corto plazo son la reducción de la cubierta ve getal (que aumenta el riesgo de erosión del suelo), la deposición de cenizas despué s de la combustión de la biomasa, la inducción de la mejora de la repelencia al agua y los cambios en la estructura y componentes del suelo. La combustión de la materia o rgánica del suelo y la biomasa también se traduce en la emisión de gases y otros co ntaminantes a la atmósfera. Del mismo modo, los cambios inducidos por el fuego en l os componentes biológicos del suelo (vegetación, animales y microorganismos del s uelo ) pueden ocurrir rápidamente y producir una respuesta a gran escala. Los efectos a largo plazo de los incendios en los suelos y el agua y pueden persistir durante períodos relativamente cortos (horas, días o meses ), largos (años o decen as de años), o ser permanente dependiendo de la gravedad o de fuego y el régimen de incendios . Algunos de estos efectos son una consecuencia de la relación entre el fuego, la hidrología y el ciclo de nutrientes.

Wildfires may produce several changes in the short- and long-term in the landscape and in the soil system. The magnitude of these chan ges induced by fire in the components of ecosystems (water, soil, vegetation a nd fauna) depends on intrinsic factors (fire intensity and severity) and extrinsic (vegetation, soil, geomorphology, etc.). The most important impacts on soils in the s hort-term are the reduction of vegetation cover (which increases soil erosion risk ), the deposition of ash after combustion of biomass, the induction of enhancement of water repellency and changes in the structure and soil components. Combu stion of biomass and soil organic matter also results in the release of gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere. Similarly, the changes induced by fire on the biological soil components (vegetation, animals and soil microorganisms) may oc cur rapidly and produce a large- scale response. The long-term effects of fire on so ils and water may well persist for relatively short periods (hours, days or months), long (years or tens of years), or be permanent depending on the severity or fire and fir e regime. Some of these effects are a consequence of the relationship between fire, soi l, hydrology and nutrient cycling.

Country
Spain
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Keywords

incendios forestales, degradación del suelo, propie dades químicas del suelo, propiedades físicas del suelo, degradación del suelo, propiedades físicas del suelo, incendios forestales, propiedades químicas del suelo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green