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Metabolismo y función de las HDL-Colesterol en obesidad

Authors: García Muñoz, Rocío;

Metabolismo y función de las HDL-Colesterol en obesidad

Abstract

La obesidad es una condición asociada frecuentemente con niveles bajos de lipoprotreínas de alta densidad (HDL) y un aumento de lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos, un perfil conocido como dislipidemia aterogénica. Esta dislipidemia es un factor determinante en individuos obesos, incrementando significativamente el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) cumplen varias funciones beneficiosas en el organismo entre las que se encuentras el transporte inverso del colesterol, función antitrombótica, antioxidante y antiinflamatoria reduciendo así el riesgo de aterosclerosis y enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). En el contexto de la obesidad, el metabolismo y la función de las HDL se ven alterados, lo que afecta negativamente la capacidad de estas lipoproteínas para movilizar el colesterol y proteger contra la oxidación, incrementando así el riesgo de ECV. Además, la distribución, composición y función de las subclases de HDL se ven afectadas, junto con la actividad de la enzima paraoxonasa-1, responsable de la función antioxidante de las HDL. Para tratar la obesidad, existen procedimientos quirúrgicos como la cirugía bariátrica que ayudan a reducir el peso y aumentan los niveles de HDL. Además, dos métodos no farmacológicos recomendados para aumentar el colesterol HDL en plasma en personas con sobrepeso son el ejercicio y la dieta. La dieta mediterránea cuando se combina con ejercicio no sólo contribuye a la pérdida de peso y a la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular, sino que también mejora significativamente la función de las HDL. Esto se evidencia por un aumento en la capacidad de salida del colesterol HDL, la actividad de la enzima antioxidante PON1, la actividad vasodilatadora del HDL y una reducción del estrés oxidativo. Por lo tanto, puede ser una estrategia eficaz para mejorar la salud cardiovascular y la función lipídica en individuos con alto riesgo cardiovascular.

Obesity is a condition frequently associated with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, a profile known as atherogenic dyslipidemia. This dyslipidemia is a determining factor in obese individuals, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have several beneficial functions in the body, including reverse cholesterol transport, antithrombotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the context of obesity, HDL metabolism and function are altered, which negatively affects the ability of these lipoproteins to mobilize cholesterol and protect against oxidation, thereby increasing the risk of CVD. In addition, the distribution, composition and function of HDL subclasses are affected, along with the activity of the enzyme paraoxonase-1, which is responsible for the antioxidant function of HDL. To treat obesity, there are surgical procedures such as bariatric surgery that help reduce weight and increase HDL levels. In addition, two non-pharmacological methods recommended to increase plasma HDL cholesterol in overweight people are exercise and diet. The Mediterranean diet when combined with exercise not only contributes to weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction, but also significantly improves HDL function. This is evidenced by an increase in HDL cholesterol outflow capacity, PON1 antioxidant enzyme activity, HDL vasodilator activity and a reduction in oxidative stress. Therefore, it may be an effective strategy to improve cardiovascular health and lipid function in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Farmacia

Keywords

Bariatric surgery, HDL, Mediterranean diet, Obesidad, Paraoxonasa-1, Obesity, Ejercicio, Paraoxonase-1, Dieta mediterránea, Exercise, Cirugía bariátrica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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