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Tratamiento y valorización material de residuos textiles. Obtención de carbón activo a partir de residuos de tejidos

Authors: Ganfornina Sánchez, Carmen María;

Tratamiento y valorización material de residuos textiles. Obtención de carbón activo a partir de residuos de tejidos

Abstract

El sector textil es el segundo sector más contaminante de la industria, siendo responsable de un 10% de las emisiones de CO2 mundiales, además de generar grandes cantidades de aguas residuales durante el proceso de producción textil. Asimismo, se presenta una gran problemática respecto a los residuos textiles, dado que la inmensa mayoría termina en vertederos sin aprovechar su potencial de valorización. Se entiende por residuos textiles cualquier material textil o producto fabricado con textiles (tales como prendas de ropa) que ha dejado de considerarse apta para su función original. En el presente proyecto se describen el sector textil español, la clasificación de residuos textiles y los impactos medioambientales asociados a ellos, así como un contexto normativo tanto europeo como español. Por otra parte, se presentan los diferentes tratamientos existentes para residuos textiles, centrándose sobre todo en reutilización y reciclado, además de las diversas tecnologías de valorización material y energética que se les puede aplicar. De todas las posibles técnicas de valorizar, se ha seleccionado la obtención de carbón activo a partir de residuos textiles para diseñar un diagrama de procesos a partir de ella, indicando los equipos principales, así como un balance de materia inicial y un breve análisis económico. El residuo textil empleado como materia prima de este proceso es la tela denim.

The textile sector is the second most polluting sector of industry, being responsible for 10% of global CO2 emissions, as well as generating large quantities of wastewater during the textile production process. There is also a major problem with textile waste, as the vast majority of textile waste ends up in landfills with no potential for recovery. Textile waste is defined as any textile material or product made of textiles (such as clothing) that is no longer considered suitable for its original function. This project describes the textile sector in Spain, the classification of textile waste and the environmental impacts associated with it, as well as a European and Spanish regulatory context. On the other hand, the different existing treatments for textile waste are presented, focusing mainly on reuse and recycling, as well as the different material and energy recovery technologies that can be applied to them. Of all the possible recovery techniques, the production of activated carbon from textile waste has been selected in order to design a process diagram based on it, indicating the main equipment, as well as an initial material balance. The textile waste used as raw material in this process is denim.

Universidad de Sevilla. Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Ambiental

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green