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La Dehesa animada. Perspectivas animales para entender, valorar y proteger el patrimonio agrario

Authors: Schuppert, Rebecca Anya;

La Dehesa animada. Perspectivas animales para entender, valorar y proteger el patrimonio agrario

Abstract

Este estudio pretende analizar la protección de la dehesa, ofreciendo nuevas perspectivas sobre esos paisajes y ecosistemas particulares. La dehesa es uno de los paisajes agrarios más representativos de la Península Ibérica. Sus pastizales de arbolado disperso, mayoritariamente encinas, se desarrollaron gracias a un sistema agrosilvopastoral complejo, basado en la ganadería (ovino, porcino, cabras, vacas y a veces caballos). Desde las radicales trasformaciones agrarias de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, los espacios rurales se despoblaron. Las regiones de dehesa fueron particularmente afectadas, ya que requerían de una importante mano de obra. Su frágil equilibrio ecológico fue perturbado. Esta situación originó numerosas iniciativas de preservación. Sin embargo, la legislación patrimonial española falló en preservar la esencia de la dehesa, porque no tomó en cuenta su carácter agrario. No impidió la continua expansión de los métodos de ganadería industrial ni el aprovechamiento de la dehesa en formas incompatibles con su preservación. Este trabajo sugiere que una de las maneras de mejorar dicha situación consiste en adoptar la perspectiva animal y reconocer el papel activo que desempeñaron en la construcción de estos espacios. El sistema “tradicional” de la dehesa se basaba en la presencia del ganado y no se puede entender sin tomar en cuenta las interacciones diarias entre los humanos y los animales. El punto de vista animal revela la importancia de bienes patrimoniales que siempre han sido ignorados. Además, ofrece la posibilitad de reflexionar sobre una ganadería sostenible que contribuiría a preservar la dehesa y a luchar contra el despoblamiento rural.

This study aims at analysing the protection of the dehesa, offering new perspectives on these particular landscapes and ecosystems. The dehesa is one of the most representative agricultural landscapes of the Iberian Peninsula. Its meadows scattered mainly with holm oaks developed due to a complex agro-silvo-pastoral system based on livestock rearing (sheep, pigs, goats, cows and sometimes horses). Since the radical agricultural transformations of the second half of the 20th century, the countryside has become severely depopulated. The dehesa regions were particularly affected, as they required an important workforce. Their fragile ecological equilibrium has been disrupted. This situation raised numerous preservation initiatives. However, the Spanish heritage legislation failed to preserve the essence of the dehesa as it neglected the agricultural nature of the region. It didn’t prevent the continuing expansion of industrial agricultural methods and the use of the dehesa in ways incompatible with its preservation. The present study suggests that one of the ways to improve this situation is to adopt the animal’s perspective and to recognize the active role they have always played in the construction of these spaces. The “traditional” dehesa system was based on livestock presence and cannot be understood without considering the daily interactions between humans and livestock. The animal’s point of view reveals the importance of heritage elements that have always been overlooked. Moreover, it offers the possibility to reflect on sustainable livestock rearing that would contribute to preserve the dehesa and to combat rural depopulation.

Universidad de Sevilla. Máster Universitario en Arquitectura y Patrimonio Histórico

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Animal, Agrarian Heritage, Dehesa, Iberian Pig, Animals, Patrimonio agrario, Ganadería, Livestock Rearing, Cerdo ibérico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green