
handle: 11441/155984
La mecánica clásica de Newton demostró ser incompatible con las ecuaciones del electromagnetismo de Maxwell, por lo que debía ser modificada. A lo largo de este trabajo, veremos cómo las deficiencias de las teorías tradicionales de la relatividad impulsaron la necesidad de conceptos innovadores que dan lugar a la teoría de la relatividad especial, desarrollada por Albert Einstein en 1905, tras la que se abandona la idea de tiempo y espacio absolutos. Su teoría se basó en la postulación de que la velocidad de la luz es constante para todos los observadores, lo que requirió la adaptación de las leyes clásicas de la física. Así, deduciremos la famosa ecuación del científico, 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐2, que muestra una profunda conexión entre la energía y la masa, proporcionando una mayor comprensión de las reacciones atómicas y nucleares. Además, desarrollaremos los diagramas de Minkowski, que son la herramienta fundamental para visualizar los efectos de esta nueva teoría.
Newton’s classical mechanics proved to be incompatible with Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism, so it had to be modified. Throughout this paper, we will see how the shortcomings of the traditional theories of relativity prompted the need for innovative concepts that give rise to the theory of special relativity, developed by Albert Einstein in 1905, after which the idea of absolute time and space is abandoned. His theory was based on the postulation that the speed of light is constant for all observers, which required the adaptation of the classical laws of physics. Thus, we will derive the scientist’s famous equation, 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐2, which shows a deep connection between energy and mass, providing further insight into atomic and nuclear reactions. In addition, we will develop the Minkowski diagrams, which are the fundamental tool to visualize the effects of this new theory.
Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Matemáticas
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