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Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico

Authors: Rúger Álvarez, Ana;

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico

Abstract

La adherencia terapéutica es el grado en el que la conducta de un paciente, en relación con la toma de medicación, el seguimiento de una dieta o la modificación de hábitos de vida, se corresponde con las recomendaciones acordadas por el profesional sanitario. Hoy por hoy, la falta de adherencia a los tratamientos es un grave problema mundial de salud pública cuyo origen es multifactorial. Esto es debido a sus consecuencias ya que empeora el trascurso de la enfermedad, aminora la calidad de vida del paciente e incrementa el gasto sanitario derivado. La adherencia terapéutica se cuantifica a través de métodos directos e indirectos. Lamentablemente, no existe un método ―gold standard‖ que nos permita evaluar el impacto de este comportamiento sobre la salud de los pacientes. De ahí que el objetivo principal de este trabajo sea llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica que aporte información sobre las estrategias que, hasta el momento, se han impulsado para mejorar la adherencia a los tratamientos por parte de los pacientes. Los diferentes estudios plantean diversas intervenciones técnicas, conductuales, educativas, de apoyo social y familiar, o dirigidas al profesional sanitario, a la industria o a la administración. Sin embargo, los resultados no son concluyentes y la situación sigue empeorando debido al pleno proceso de envejecimiento en el que se encuentra España. Consecuentemente, tanto la esperanza de vida como el número de patologías y de fármacos por paciente están sufriendo un notable crecimiento. En definitiva, dada la magnitud y repercusión de la cuestión planteada, queda bastante por explorar. Las intervenciones multidisciplinares, individualizadas y combinadas se postulan como estrategias futuras óptimas.

Adherence to treatment is the degree to which a patient's behavior, in relation to taking medication, following a diet or modifying lifestyle habits, corresponds to the recommendations agreed by the healthcare professional. Today, non-adherence to treatment is a serious global public health problem whose origin is multifactorial. This is due to its consequences, since it worsens the course of the disease, reduces the patient's quality of life and increases the resulting healthcare costs. Therapeutic adherence is quantified by direct and indirect methods. Unfortunately, there is no "gold standard" method that allows us to evaluate the impact of this behavior on patient health. Hence, the main objective of this work is to carry out a systematic review of the scientific literature to provide information on the strategies that, to date, have been promoted to improve patients' adherence to treatment. The different studies propose various technical, behavioral, educational, social and family support interventions, or those aimed at the health professional, the industry or the administration. However, the results are inconclusive and the situation continues to worsen due to the aging process in Spain. Consequently, both life expectancy and the number of pathologies and drugs per patient are growing considerably. In short, given the magnitude and repercussions of the issue raised, there is still much to be explored. Multidisciplinary, individualized and combined interventions are postulated as optimal future strategies.

Universidad de Sevilla. Máster Universitario en Especialización Profesional en Farmacia

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pluripatología, Polifarmacia, Adherencia al tratamiento, Multimorbilidad, Polimedicación

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green