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Etiología, distribución y costos de las diarreas infantiles

Authors: Márquez Calderón, Soledad;

Etiología, distribución y costos de las diarreas infantiles

Abstract

Realizamos un estudio de cohortes con objeto de conocer la incidencia de diarreas en la población infantil y la frecuencia de posibles factores de riesgo (portadores asintomáticos, nivel socioeconómico, peso e indicadores de salud). Para ello, seguimos prospectivamente durante un año a un grupo de 144 niños entre 0 y 3 años de edad nacidos y residentes en Sevilla, a los cuales elegimos al azar del registro civil de la ciudad. A cada niño les tomamos 2 muestras de heces para estudio de portadores sanos de microorganismos enteropatógenos; una al comienzo del trabajo y otra a lo largo del año de seguimiento. Encontramos las siguientes tasas de prevalencia: 7% de portadores de escherichia coli enteropatógeno (ecep), 4% de giardia lamblia y 14% de rotavirus. El estado de portador asintomático de ecep fue más frecuente en niños de nivel socioeconómico alto y el de giardia lamblia en niños con peso alterado y en los no vacunados. La incidencia de diarrea fue de 47 episodios por cada 100 niños al año. Fue más frecuente en los niños de nivel socioeconómico bajo. La causa más frecuente de diarrea fue rotavirus (24%), seguido de ecep (9%), salmonela spp (6%) y campylobacter jejuni (6%). Por cada 100 casos de diarrea infantil se afectan 65 familiares, se realizan 74 consultas médicas y 12 ingresos hospitalarios. La pauta más frecuente de tratamiento (51%) fue hacer dicta y tomar medicamentos. Por cada 100 diarreas se prescriben 42 antidiarreicos y 35 antimicrobianos, y se gastan 14.800 pesetas o más en medicamentos. Cada 100 diarreas conllevan además 17 días de absentismo laboral de los padres.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green