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Relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y la enfermedad cardiovascular

Authors: Gómez Maya, Estefanía;

Relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y la enfermedad cardiovascular

Abstract

Introducción: Cada vez son más los estudios que relacionan a la enfermedad periodontal (EP) con diferentes enfermedades sistémicas como la diabetes mellitus, la artritis reumatoides y los eventos cardiovasculares. Aunque bien se sabe su relación con las dos primeras entidades, su relación con los eventos cardiovasculares (ECV) es aún objeto de estudio actualmente en la literatura. Ambas enfermedades son de origen multifactorial y mientras los eventos ECV representan el 30% de defunciones a nivel mundial, la EP es una de las dos grandes patologías orales que se presenta con una alta prevalencia. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura sobre la posible relación entre la periodontitis y los eventos cardiovasculares. Ø Material y métodos: Se ha llevado a cabo mediante una búsqueda bibilográfica basada en la máxima evidencia científica en las bases de datos como Pubmed, Scopus y Cochrane desde 2010 hasta la actualidad. Tras la aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión y la aplicación de diferentes estrategias de búsqueda, obtuvimos un total de 47 artículos, de los cuales solo 12 fueron seleccionados para desarrollar determinada revisión bibliográfica. Ø Conclusión: Aunque existe evidencia científica que asocie ambas patologías, el gran dilema erradica en el origen de su relación causal ya que llega a verse comprometida al tratarse de entidades multifactoriales y poligenéticas. A pesar de ello, parece ser que la difusión de patógenos orales en el torrente sanguíneo podría ser el principal mecanismo de patogénesis. La existencia de factores de riesgo comunes nos implanta la necesidad de conocer como la terapia periodontal podría influir en la prevención, manejo y reducción de eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes con patologías periodontales. Finalmente, el avance a determinado la existencia de biomarcadores que asocian ambas patologías en aquellos pacientes que no presenten dichos factores de riesgos. Se es necesario más estudio a largo plazo que afiancen todos estos conocimientos y le avalen de una evidencia científica contrastada y segura.

Ø Introduction: More and more studies are linking periodontal disease (PD) with different systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular events. Although its relationship with the first two entities is well known, its relationship with cardiovascular events (CVD) is still under study in the literature. Both diseases are multifactorial in origin and while CVD events represent 30% of deaths worldwide, PD is one of the two major oral pathologies that present with a high prevalence. The objective of this study is to perform a bibliographic review of the literature on the possible relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular events. Ø Material and Methods: It has been carried out using a bibliographic search based on the maximum scientific evidence in databases such as Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane from 2010 to the present. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and applying different search strategies, we obtained a total of 47 articles, of which only 12 were selected to carry out a certain bibliographic review. Ø Conclusion: Although there is scientific evidence that associates both pathologies, the great dilemma eradicates at the origin of their causal relationship since it becomes compromised because they are multifactorial and polygenetic entities. Despite this, it seems that the diffusion of oral pathogens in the bloodstream could be the main mechanism of pathogenesis. The existence of common risk factors implants the need to know how periodontal therapy could influence the prevention, management and reduction of cardiovascular events in patients with periodontal pathologies. Finally, the advance to determined the existence of biomarkers that associate both pathologies in those patients who do not present said risk factors. More long-term study is needed to strengthen all this knowledge and endorse it with proven and reliable scientific evidence.

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Odontología. Máster oficial en Odontología Médico-Quirúrgica e Integral

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cardiovascular diseases, Periodontal diseases, Cardiology, Enfermedades periodontales, Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Cardiología, Periodontitis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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