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Inhibidores de poli ADP-ribosa polimerasa (PARP) en el tratamiento del cáncer

Authors: León Morillo, Alejandro;

Inhibidores de poli ADP-ribosa polimerasa (PARP) en el tratamiento del cáncer

Abstract

El cáncer es una de las enfermedades que, a día de hoy, más afectan a la población. A pesar de los tratamientos novedosos que se disponen actualmente, sigue siendo una enfermedad con una gran mortalidad. El cáncer es provocado por mutaciones en el ADN y cuando se producen estos errores, intervienen proteínas que se encargan de reparar los daños sufridos. La enzima poli (ADP-ribosa) polimerasa-1 (PARP1) actúa uniéndose al ADN y reparando daños mediante la reparación por escisión de bases. Por su parte, las proteínas BRCA 1/2 tienen un papel fundamental en la recombinación homóloga, reparando daños en dobles cadenas de ADN. En las células que se encuentre mutado el gen BRCA, si inhibimos la PARP1, se crea un efecto de letalidad sintética, que elimina las células cancerosas, incapaces de regenerar el daño en su ADN. Los inhibidores de PARP han sido ampliamente estudiados y se han realizado numerosos ensayos clínicos en pacientes con cáncer, principalmente de mama y de ovario, ya que son los más afectados por mutaciones BRCA. En estos estudios se ha demostrado su eficacia y su buen perfil de seguridad, tanto en monoterapia como en combinación con otros agentes quimioterapéuticos. Estos resultados han llevado a la aprobación de olaparib, rucaparib, talazoparib y niraparib para distintas indicaciones, destacando los dos tipos de cáncer ya mencionados, con y sin mutaciones BRCA 1/2. Veliparib, a pesar de sus buenos resultados en ensayos clínicos, aún no ha sido autorizado. Por su parte, iniparib no ha tenido la misma suerte y obtuvo resultados poco significativos.

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Farmacia

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Olaparib, Inhibidor de PARP, Mutación BRCA 1/2, Poli (ADP-ribosa) polimerasa, Cáncer

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research