This paper represents a short and overall overview of the reconstructive procedures of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum. Optimal reconstructive procedure has not been chosen only for the reconstruction of the digestive system. Precise selection of the patients and reconstructive methods must enable the correction of the possible functional disadvantages. Usage of adaptional and reserve possibilities of other organs and tissues will help the functional compensation of the lost segments of the digestive system. The understanding of the importance of the physiological approach to the reconstruction of the digestive system using the segments of stomach, jejunum or colon is of the most importance so that in this difficult segment of surgery adequate improvements can be achieved.