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Thomas Kuhn: Tarihselci Bir Bilim Felsefesi Örneği

Authors: Şenol, Fırat Hüseyin;

Thomas Kuhn: Tarihselci Bir Bilim Felsefesi Örneği

Abstract

Bu yazı, Thomas Kuhn'un ilk kez 1962 tarihinde yayınlanan (ve bazı itirazlara yanıtla birlikte kendi düzeltme ve eklemeleriyle 1970'de ikinci kez basılan) Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı adlı yapıtında ortaya koyduğu temel yaklaşımı, yani bilim tarihindeki gelişmeleri görmezden gelerek bilimin yapısına ya da bilimdeki ilerlemeye ilişkin sağlıklı bir görüş oluşturmanın olanaklı olmadığı tezini, Vico'dan başlayarak Dilthey'a dek uzanan düşünce geleneğiyle ilişkilendirme denemesidir. Söz konusu düşünce geleneğinin öne çıkan başlıca karakteristiği, tarihselci yaklaşımdır. Yazıda, Kuhn'un bilim felsefesini kavrayışı, kullandığı kendine özgü terimlerle özetlendikten sonra, bu kavrayışta öne çıkan tarihselci unsurların izinin sürülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, böylesi bir iz sürme bağlamında, (Dilthey'da en yetkin ifadelendirişlerinden birini bulan) tarihselci düşüncenin modern felsefedeki kökenlerine de değinilmiş; (Dilthey'a etkileri göz önünde tutularak) Vico ve Herder'in düşünceleri ele alınmıştır. Böylelikle Kuhn'un bilim felsefesi görüşünü geliştirirken dayandığı tarihsel zeminin bilim tarihi kadar tarihselcilik tarafından da karakterize edildiğinin gösterilmesi hedeflenmiştir.

This essay is an attempt to relate Kuhn's main perspective -i.e., his thesis that it is not possible to formulate a plausible view on the structure of and/or progress in science if we underestimate the developments in the history of science -as first published in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962 (and second, with his own additional remarks and replies to objections in 1970)-with a tradition of thought which could be started with Vico, and is continued through Dilthey. Historism, or historical perspective could be claimed to be the major characteristic of this tradition. After a summary of Kuhn's conception of philosophy of science, with his own terms, we intend to follow the trails of historist elements within the summarised conception. Moreover, within this context, the origins of historism1 (which owes one of its best expositions to Dilthey) in modern philosophy; and the thoughts of Vico and Herder (concerning their influences on Dilthey) are taken up. Doing so will show that the historical background of Kuhn's philosophy of science is characterised not only by history of science, but also by historism.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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